DTM Wiki - User contributions [en]

Yamaha MU500

2025-11-05T18:20:42Z

9sphere: Variation/insertion effects are the same as MU128

{{stub}}

{{Infobox module
| name = Yamaha MU500
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 220 × 44 × 227<ref name=mu500-om-specs>Yamaha MU500 取扱説明書, pages 34 and 35.</ref>
| rackunits = 1U, half-width
| weight = 1.2kg<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| type = XG sound module
| manufacturer = Yamaha
| releasedate = 2000<ref name=innovation-road-mu500>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2093/ MU500 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| standards = [[General MIDI 2]]<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> [[Yamaha XG]]<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| maxpoly = 64<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| numparts = 64 normal parts<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| numpresets = 1396 (total)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 1203 (XG)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 664 (TG300B)<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| drumpresets = 58 (total)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 48 (XG)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 10 (TG300B)<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| effects = Reverb (18 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Chorus (20 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Variation (70 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 2× Insertion (43 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Multi EQ (4 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Part EQ (1 type)<ref>Yamaha MU500 取扱説明書, pages 135 and 136.</ref>
| predecessor = [[Yamaha MU1000]]/[[Yamaha MU2000|MU2000]]
}}
The '''Yamaha MU500''' is the final [[Yamaha XG]] and [[General MIDI]] sound module in the [[Yamaha MU series]], introduced by Yamaha in 2000. Like its predecessors, the [[Yamaha MU1000|MU1000]] and [[Yamaha MU2000|MU2000]], it was only released in Japan, so there is no official English documentation.

The MU500 features the same sound & drum presets as the MU1000 and MU2000, while being significantly smaller and lighter, comparable to MU series models before the [[Yamaha MU128]]. It also retains the USB functionality and optical digital output introduced by its direct predecessors. However, unlike all other modules in the MU series, the screen has been replaced by a simple LED display that only displays MIDI activity, and all front panel controls besides the power button and volume dial have been cut. It also lacks an A/D input, the [[XG Plug-in System]], or upgradable firmware.

Additionally, compared to the MU1000 and MU2000, the MU500 halves the polyphony to 64, halves the amount of insert effect units to 2, contains fewer variation and insertion effect types (going back to the MU128's effects), but still retains the same amount of parts.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://jp.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/8/316818/MU500J.PDF Yamaha MU500 取扱説明書] (Japanese: Owner's Manual)

[[Category:Yamaha MU series devices]]
[[Category:Yamaha XG devices]]
[[Category:General MIDI 2 devices]]
[[Category:TG300B mode devices]]
[[Category:Released in 2000]]

Yamaha MU series

2025-11-05T18:01:03Z

9sphere: Added MU90 photo in the overview, since the wiki does have one

The '''Yamaha MU''' series is a line of [[Yamaha XG]] and [[General MIDI]] sound modules made by Yamaha starting in 1994. They introduced Yamaha's XG format and competed against the [[Roland Sound Canvas]] series among others.

Most MU series devices feature not only XG support, but also unofficial [[Roland GS]] support via the [[TG300B mode]], and unofficial partial [[Roland CM-64]] compatibility via the [[C/M mode]].

The MU series was not Yamaha's first attempt at General MIDI sound modules; the MU series was preceded by the [[Yamaha TG100]] and [[Yamaha TG300|TG300]], and it inherits some of their features, but not their appearance or form factor.

== Models ==

=== Overview and history ===

Desktop (half-rack) modules:

* [[Yamaha MU80]] (1994),<ref name=innovation-road-dates>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/02/ Keyboard Instruments & Music Production Tools - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref> first MU module and first XG module
* [[Yamaha MU50]] (1995),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> cheaper version of the MU80 supporting only 16 parts and without the A/D inputs
* [[Yamaha MU90]] (1996),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> improved MU80 with more presets (especially drumkits) and two insertion multi-effect units instead of a distortion effect unit
* [[Yamaha MU100]] (1997),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> improved MU90 with almost twice as many presets, [[XG Plug-in System]] expansion support, and new per-part EQ support
* [[Yamaha MU128]] (1998),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> double-height MU100 with 64 parts, 128 polyphony and three plug-in slots; supports [[General MIDI 2]] with a software upgrade
* [[Yamaha MU1000]] and [[Yamaha MU2000|MU2000]] (1999),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> the most powerful models, released only in Japan, with 4 insert effect units, [[General MIDI 2]], and for the MU2000 only, sampling features and a SmartMedia card slot
* [[Yamaha MU500]] (2000), final model in the MU series; only 64 polyphony and lacks the screen and A/D input, but has the same set of presets as the MU1000 and MU2000<ref>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2093/ MU500 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>

Full-rack modules:

* [[Yamaha MU90R]], full-rack version of the MU90 with individual audio outputs
* [[Yamaha MU100R]] (1997),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> full-rack version of the MU100 with individual audio outputs and two pre-installed plug-in cards

Portable (battery-powered) models:

* [[Yamaha MU5]] (1994),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> first portable model and only MU series model to not support XG, with tone generation more similar to the [[Yamaha TG100|TG100]]
* [[Yamaha MU10]]
* [[Yamaha MU15]] (1998),<ref name=innovation-road-dates /> successor to the MU5 that supports XG

(TODO: More notable models?)

=== Comparison of major desktop modules ===

The following table compares the main desktop modules representing each generation/level of capability. Each module may have some other variants, please see each's page for more info. The MU50 is considered the baseline for XG support; many devices with the XG logo have the same capabilities as the MU50's XG mode.

The MU2000 also features sampling and sequencing functions, not present on any other model (including the MU1000).


{| class="wikitable"
!
! style="width: 14%" | [[Yamaha MU50]]
! style="width: 14%" | [[Yamaha MU80]]
! style="width: 14%" | [[Yamaha MU90]]
! style="width: 14%" | [[Yamaha MU100]]
! style="width: 14%" | [[Yamaha MU128]]
! style="width: 14%" | [[Yamaha MU1000]] [[Yamaha MU2000]]
|-
! Image
| style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" |[[File:Yamaha_MU50_Front.jpg|180px]]
| style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" |[[File:Yamaha-MU80-Front.jpg|180px]]
| style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" |[[File:MU90_Front.jpeg|180px]]
| style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" |[[File:Yamaha_MU100_Front.jpg|180px]]
| style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" |[[File:Yamaha MU128-front.jpg|180px]]
| style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center" |[[File:Yamaha_MU1000_Front.jpg|180px]][[File:Yamaha_MU2000_front.jpg|180px]]
|-
! W × H × D (mm)
| 220 × 44 × 210<ref name=mu50-om-specs>Yamaha MU50 Owner's Manual, pages 125 and 126.</ref>
| 220 × 44 × 210<ref name=mu80-om-specs>Yamaha MU80 Owner's Manual, pages 129 and 130.</ref>
| 220 × 44 × 210<ref name=mu90-om-specs>Yamaha MU90 Owner's Manual, pages 10 and 11.</ref>
| 220 × 44 × 210<ref name=mu100-om-specs>Yamaha MU100 Owner's Manual, pages 173 and 174.</ref>
| 219.5 × 91.1 × 229.5<ref name=mu128-om-specs>Yamaha MU128 Owner's Manual, pages 187 and 188.</ref>
| 219.5 × 91.1 × 229.5<ref name=mu1000-om-specs>Yamaha MU1000 取扱説明書, pages 154 and 155.</ref><ref name=mu2000-om-specs>Yamaha MU2000 取扱説明書, pages 186 and 187.</ref>
|-
! Rack units
| 1U, half-width
| 1U, half-width
| 1U, half-width
| 1U, half-width
| 2U, half-width
| 2U, half-width
|-
! Weight
| 1.3kg<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 1.3kg<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 1.3kg<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 1.3kg<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 1.9kg<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 2.0kg<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Release date
| 1995<ref name=innovation-road-mu50>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2075/ MU50 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| 1994<ref name=innovation-road-mu80>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2026/ MU80 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| 1996<ref name=innovation-road-mu90>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2077/ MU90 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| 1997<ref name=innovation-road-mu100>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2082/ MU100 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| 1998<ref name=innovation-road-mu128>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2084/ MU128 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| 1999<ref name=innovation-road-mu1000>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2088/ MU1000 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref><ref name=innovation-road-mu2000>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2087/ MU2000 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
|-
! [[Yamaha XG]]
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! [[Roland GS]]
| style="background: lightgreen" | [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs /> (GS with software upgrade)
|-
! [[C/M mode]]
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: pink" | No
|-
! [[General MIDI]]
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes
|-
! [[General MIDI 2]]
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (with software upgrade)<ref name=innovation-road-mu128 />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Normal parts
| 16<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 32<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 32<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 32<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 64<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 64<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Max polyphony
| 32<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 64<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 64<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 64<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 128<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 128<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! A/D parts
| style="background: pink" | None
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2<ref name=mu80-ad-parts>Yamaha MU80 Owner's Manual, page 24.</ref>
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2<ref>Yamaha MU90R Owner's Manual, page 26.</ref>
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2<ref>Yamaha MU100 Owner's Manual, page 19.</ref>
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2<ref name=mu128-om-welcome>Yamaha MU128 Owner's Manual, page 19.</ref>
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2<ref>Yamaha MU1000 取扱説明書, page 7.</ref><ref>Yamaha MU2000 取扱説明書, page 7.</ref>
|-
! XG normal presets
| 480<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 537<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 586<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 1074<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 1149<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 1203<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! TG300B normal presets
| 579<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 614<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 614<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 614<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 664<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 664<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! XG drum presets
| 11<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 11<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 20<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 36<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 37<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 48<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! TG300B drum presets
| 10<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| 10<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| 10<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| 10<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| 10<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| 10<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Expansion
| style="background: pink" | None
| style="background: pink" | None
| style="background: pink" | None
| style="background: lightgreen" | 1× [[XG Plug-in System|PLG]]
| style="background: lightgreen" | 3× [[XG Plug-in System|PLG]]<ref name=mu128-om-welcome />
| style="background: lightgreen" | 3× [[XG Plug-in System|PLG]]<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Reverb <ref group=table name=effects>These rows represent how many independent effect units are available, not whether there are effects of a certain type. For example, the MU50 has independent reverb, chorus and variation units, but the variation unit can also do some reverb and chorus effects. Similarly, the MU80 additionally has a multi-EQ unit, but its variation and insertion units can also do EQ effects. The limitation is that each effect unit can only do one type of effect at a time.</ref>
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (12 types)<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (12 types)<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (12 types)<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (12 types)<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (12 types)<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (18 types)<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs /><ref group=table name=mu1000-2000-effects>Does not include the additional effects added with a software upgrade (TODO).</ref>
|-
! Chorus <ref group=table name=effects />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (10 types)<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (10 types)<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (14 types)<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (14 types)<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (14 types)<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (20 types)<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Variation <ref group=table name=effects /><ref group=table name=insertion>The variation effect unit can be used either as a system effect or an insertion effect; the "insertion" row is about additional, insertion-only effect units.</ref>
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (42 types)<ref name=mu50-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (44 types)<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (62 types)<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (70 types)<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (70 types)<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (97 types)<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs /><ref group=table name=mu1000-2000-effects />
|-
! Insertion <ref group=table name=effects /><ref group=table name=insertion />
| style="background: pink" | None
| style="background: lightgreen" | 1× (3 types, Distortion/EQ)<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2× (43 types)<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2× (43 types)<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | 2× (43 types)<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | 4× (97 types)<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs /><ref group=table name=mu1000-2000-effects />
|-
! Multi EQ <ref group=table name=effects />
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (4 types)<ref name=mu80-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (4 types)<ref name=mu90-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (4 types)<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (4 types)<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (4 types)<ref name=mu1000-om-specs /><ref name=mu2000-om-specs />
|-
! Part EQ <ref group=table name=effects />
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: pink" | No
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (1 type)<ref name=mu100-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes (1 type)<ref name=mu128-om-specs />
| style="background: lightgreen" | Yes<ref>Yamaha MU1000 取扱説明書, page 62.</ref><ref>Yamaha MU2000 取扱説明書, page 72.</ref> (1 type)
|-
! Notes
| colspan="6" | <references group=table />
|}

== References ==
<references />

Yamaha MU500

2025-11-05T17:59:55Z

9sphere: Create MU500 page with basic info

{{stub}}

{{Infobox module
| name = Yamaha MU500
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 220 × 44 × 227<ref name=mu500-om-specs>Yamaha MU500 取扱説明書, pages 34 and 35.</ref>
| rackunits = 1U, half-width
| weight = 1.2kg<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| type = XG sound module
| manufacturer = Yamaha
| releasedate = 2000<ref name=innovation-road-mu500>[https://www.yamaha.com/en/about/experience/innovation-road/collection/detail/2093/ MU500 - Display Collection - INNOVATION ROAD - Yamaha Corporation]</ref>
| standards = [[General MIDI 2]]<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> [[Yamaha XG]]<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> [[TG300B mode]]<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| maxpoly = 64<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| numparts = 64 normal parts<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| numpresets = 1396 (total)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 1203 (XG)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 664 (TG300B)<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| drumpresets = 58 (total)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 48 (XG)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 10 (TG300B)<ref name=mu500-om-specs />
| effects = Reverb (18 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Chorus (20 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Variation (70 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> 2× Insertion (43 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Multi EQ (4 types)<ref name=mu500-om-specs /> Part EQ (1 type)<ref>Yamaha MU500 取扱説明書, pages 135 and 136.</ref>
| predecessor = [[Yamaha MU1000]]/[[Yamaha MU2000|MU2000]]
}}
The '''Yamaha MU500''' is the final [[Yamaha XG]] and [[General MIDI]] sound module in the [[Yamaha MU series]], introduced by Yamaha in 2000. Like its predecessors, the [[Yamaha MU1000|MU1000]] and [[Yamaha MU2000|MU2000]], it was only released in Japan, so there is no official English documentation.

The MU500 features the same sound & drum presets as the MU1000 and MU2000, while being significantly smaller and lighter, comparable to MU series models before the [[Yamaha MU128]]. It also retains the USB functionality and optical digital output introduced by its direct predecessors. However, unlike all other modules in the MU series, the screen has been replaced by a simple LED display that only displays MIDI activity, and all front panel controls besides the power button and volume dial have been cut. It also lacks an A/D input, the [[XG Plug-in System]], or upgradable firmware.

Additionally, compared to the MU1000 and MU2000, the MU500 halves the polyphony to 64, halves the amount of insert effect units to 2, contains fewer variation and insertion effect types, but still retains the same amount of parts.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://jp.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/8/316818/MU500J.PDF Yamaha MU500 取扱説明書] (Japanese: Owner's Manual)

[[Category:Yamaha MU series devices]]
[[Category:Yamaha XG devices]]
[[Category:General MIDI 2 devices]]
[[Category:TG300B mode devices]]
[[Category:Released in 2000]]

GM–GS–XG quick reference

2025-09-10T20:24:30Z

9sphere: Add XG NRPNs

This is a help page listing which MIDI messages can be used for common things across [[General MIDI]], [[Roland GS]] and [[Yamaha XG]].

General notes:

* GS doesn't seem to have a publicly available formal standard, so the [[Roland SC-55mkII]] manual is used as a reference. Later Roland devices seem to use the SC-55mkII as the baseline for GS.
* [[Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth]] only supports a tiny fraction of the GS features, despite the name.
* XGLite only supports a subset of the XG features.

Symbol legend:

* ❌ — Not supported (according to the standard; the device might still have it as an extension)
* 👻 — Undocumented, but appears to work on some devices in testing
* ⚠️ — Supported, but not useful
* *️⃣ — Supported, but meaning is standard-specific or depends on other factors
* ✅ — Supported
* [88] — Supported only by [[Roland SC-88]] and later (not part of basic GS/[[Roland SC-55|SC-55]])

==Control Change messages==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width: 1em;" | Ctrl #
! style="width: 10em;" | Controller name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI logo.png|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS logo.png|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG logo.png|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| 0 || Bank Select MSB ||❌||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p90>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 90.</ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p16>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 16.</ref>||On GS, this selects variation instruments. On XG, this selects banks. Common numbers:
* 0 = most normal/melody instruments<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
* 64 = SFX voices<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
* 126 = SFX kits<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
* 127 = drumkits (sets part to drum mode)<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
|-
| 1 || Modulation ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 2</ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p17>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 17.</ref>||On GS and XG, this is Vibrato by default<ref name=mkii-p90></ref><ref name=xg-p17></ref>
|-
| 5 || Portamento time ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 18.</ref>||Value 0 is shortest/fastest.<ref name=mkii-p90></ref><ref name=xg-p18></ref> On XG, it is cent-linear.<ref name=xg-p18></ref>
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''6'' || ''Data entry MSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p18></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)''
|-
| 7 || Volume ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18></ref>||
|-
| 10 || Pan ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18></ref>||
|-
| 11 || Expression ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18></ref>||On GS, this is multiplied with Volume to control overall volume.<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>
|-
| 32 || Bank Select LSB ||❌||❌<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p16></ref>||On GS/the SC-55, this does nothing. But the SC-88 onwards use this to select maps: 
* 0 = default
* 1 = SC-55
* 2 = SC-88
* 3 = SC-88 Pro
* 4 = SC-8850/SC-8820
On XG, this selects extension instruments.<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''38'' || ''Data entry LSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p18></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)''
|-
| 64 || Sustain ''or'' Hold1<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p91>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 91.</ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p19>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 19.</ref>|| 0–63 = Off, 64–127 = On.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref><ref name=xg-p19></ref>
|-
| 65 || Portamento ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p19></ref>||0–63 = Off, 64–127 = On.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref><ref name=xg-p19></ref>
|-
| 66 || Sostenuto ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p19></ref>||0–63 = Off, 64–127 = On.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref><ref name=xg-p19></ref>
|-
| 67 || Soft ''or'' Soft Pedal<ref name=xg-p20></ref> ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 20.</ref>||
|-
| 71 || Sound Controller 2 ''or'' Harmonic Content ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20></ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of filter resonance (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p20></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl>Tested by the following users:
* [[User:hikari_no_yume|hikari_no_yume]] has tested and found that her SC-88VL responds to controllers 71 to 74 in GS mode.
* [[User:purps|purps]] has tested and found that [[Roland Sound Canvas VA]] responds to controllers 71 to 74 in GS mode.</ref>
|-
| 72 || Sound Controller 3 ''or'' Release Time ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20></ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of envelope release time (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p20></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>
|-
| 73 || Sound Controller 4 ''or'' Attack Time ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20></ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of envelope attack time (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p20></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>
|-
| 74 || Sound Controller 5 ''or'' Brightness ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 21</ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of filter cutoff (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p21></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>
|-
| 84 || Portamento Control ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||Value is MIDI note number.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> On XG, ignores Portamento Time (always 0).<ref name=xg-p21></ref>
|-
| 91 || Effect 1 depth ''or'' Reverb send<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||On GS and XG: Reverb send level<ref name=xg-p21></ref><ref name=mkii-p91></ref>
|-
| 93 || Effect 3 depth ''or'' Chorus send<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||On GS and XG: Chorus send level<ref name=xg-p21></ref><ref name=mkii-p91></ref>
|-
| 94 || Effect 4 depth ''or'' Variation send ''or'' Delay send<ref name=88-p7-22>Roland SC-88 Owner's Manual, page 7 - 22.</ref>||❌||[88]<ref name=88-p7-22></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||On XG: Variation send level.<ref name=xg-p21></ref> XGLite does not require variation effects to be supported.<ref name=xglite-variation-fx>See Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, Attached Chart 1 pages 5 to 7 (all Variation/Insertion effects marked as optional for XGLite).</ref> Not supported on GS/SC-55, but SC-88 and onwards use this for Delay Send Level.<ref name=88-p7-22></ref>
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''96'' || ''Data increment'' ||❌||❌||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 22</ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)'' (TODO: check this)
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''97'' || ''Data decrement'' ||❌||❌||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)'' (TODO: check this)
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''98'' || ''NRPN LSB'' ||❌||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22></ref>|| ''(Used for NRPNs)''
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''99'' || ''NRPN MSB'' ||❌||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22></ref>|| ''(Used for NRPNs)''
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''100'' || ''RPN LSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p92>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 92.</ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p23>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 23</ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs)''
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''101'' || ''RPN MSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p23></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs)''
|-
! colspan=6 | ''Channel Mode messages''
|-
! style="width: 1em;" | CC #
! style="width: 10em;" | Name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI logo.png|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS logo.png|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG logo.png|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| 120 || All Sound Off || ❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature, not required by GM. Cuts off currently played sounds on the channel as soon as possible,<ref>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 25.</ref> skipping the "release" part of sounds, unlike All Notes Off.<ref name=xg-p24></ref>
|-
| 121 || Reset All Controllers || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>||(TODO: How does this affect RPNs and NRPNs?)
|-
| 123 || All Notes Off || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 24.</ref> required by GM. This behaves like sending a "Note Off" (i.e. releasing) for all currently held keys; the release may be delayed by a sustain. (TODO: cite this bit)
|-
| 124 || Omni Off || ❌||⚠️<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||⚠️<ref name=xg-p25>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 25</ref>|| rowspan=2 | Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref name=midi-modes>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 20.</ref> not required by GM. "Omni" means each part responds to all channels,<ref name=midi-modes></ref> which is not appropriate for a GM synth, so changing to/from Omni mode is not possible. The message is treated only as an All Notes Off.<ref name=mkii-p92></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref>
|-
| 125 || Omni On || ❌||⚠️<ref name=mkii-p93>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 93.</ref>||⚠️<ref name=xg-p25></ref>
|-
| 126 || Mono On (Poly Off) || ❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p93></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p25></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref name=midi-modes>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 20.</ref> not required by GM. On GS and XG, this message sets the part to monophonic mode and performs an All Sound Off.<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> GS and XG ignore the value in the message,<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> but note that it has a meaning in the MIDI specification!
|-
| 127 || Mono Off (Poly On) || ❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p93></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p25></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref name=midi-modes>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 20.</ref> not required by GM. On GS and XG, this message sets the part to polyphonic mode and performs an All Sound Off.<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> GS and XG ignore the value in the message,<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> but note that it has a meaning in the MIDI specification!
|}

==RPN messages==
{| class="wikitable"
! RPN MSB
! RPN LSB
! (combined)
! RPN name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI logo.png|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS logo.png|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG logo.png|50px|Yamaha XG]]
|-
| 0 || 0 || Pitch Bend Sensitivity || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref> || ✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p24>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 24</ref>
|-
| 0 || 1 || Fine Tuning || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref> || ✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>
|-
| 0 || 2 || Coarse Tuning || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref> || ✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>
|}

For software that needs a single number for an RPN rather than a separate MSB and LSB, you can just use the LSB.

==NRPN messages==
If you are using software that only asks for a single number when setting an NRPN, e.g. FL Studio, use the "(combined)" number (calculated as MSB × 128 + LSB). Otherwise, specify the MSB and LSB separately.

Some NRPNs are for adjusting the sounds of individual drum instruments on a drum part/channel (e.g. channel 10 in General MIDI). To select the right NRPN, you need to know the key number corresponding to the instrument you want to edit. For example, Bass Drum 1 is assigned to the C key in octave 2 ("C2") in General MIDI, and C2 has MIDI note/key number 36. [[General MIDI#Percussion Map]] may be a useful reference for some common drum instruments.

{| class="wikitable"
! NRPN MSB
! NRPN LSB
! (combined)
! NRPN name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI logo.png|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS logo.png|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG logo.png|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| 1 || 8 || 136 || Vibrato Rate<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 9 || 137 || Vibrato Depth<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 10 || 138 || Vibrato Delay<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 32 || 160 || Filter Cutoff Frequency<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF cutoff frequency<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 33 || 161 || Filter Resonance<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF resonance<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 99 || 227 || EG Attack Time<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF&TVA Env. Attack time<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 100 || 228 || EG Decay Time<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF&TVA Env. Decay time<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 102 || 230 || EG Release<ref name=xg-1.32-p13>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 1.32, page 13 (omitted in v 2.00; by mistake maybe?)</ref> ''or'' TVF&TVA Env. Release time<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-1.32-p13></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 20 || key # || 2560 + key #|| Drum Filter Cutoff Frequency <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 21 || key # || 2688 + key #|| Drum Filter Resonance <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 22 || key # || 2816 + key #|| Drum EG Attack Rate <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 23 || key # || 2944 + key #|| Drum EG Decay Rate <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 24 || key # || 3072 + key #|| Drum Pitch Coarse<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Pitch coarse of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 25 || key # || 3200 + key #|| Drum Pitch Fine <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 26 || key # || 3328 + key # || Drum Level<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' TVA level of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ||
|-
| 28 || key # || 3548 + key # || Drum Pan<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Panpot of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || 0 is a special value that applies random panning to each triggered note
|-
| 29 || key # || 3712 + key # || Drum Reverb Send<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Reverb send level of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ||
|-
| 30 || key # || 3840 + key # || Drum Chorus Send<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Chorus send level of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ||
|-
| 31 || key # || 3968 + key # || Drum Variation Send<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Delay send level of drum instrument<ref name=88-p7-22></ref> || ❌ || [88]<ref name=88-p7-22></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || On XG: Variation send level.<ref name=xg-p21></ref> Not supported on GS/SC-55, but SC-88 and onwards use this for Delay Send Level.<ref name=88-p7-22></ref>
|}

==System Exclusive messages==
System Exclusive (SysEx) messages are required for advanced features like changing effect types, configuring controllers/LFOs, etc. There are a huge number of them and they are completely incompatible between standards, so they are out of scope for this article. The following are only a few essential ones:

{| class="wikitable"
! SysEx (hex)
! Name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI logo.png|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS logo.png|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG logo.png|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| <tt>F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7</tt> || General MIDI Level 1 System On || ✅ || ✅ || ✅ || Sets module to GM1 mode and resets settings for all parts. Broadcast message addressed to all devices. Note: some early GS devices (early SC-55 models) don't support GM and won't respond to this. 
|-
| <tt>F0 41 10 42 12 40 00 7F 00 41 F7</tt> || GS Reset || ❌ || ✅ || ❌ || Sets module to GS mode and resets settings for all parts. Addressed to device 17 (default device number).
|-
| <tt>F0 43 10 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7</tt> || XG System On || ❌ || ❌ || ✅ || Sets module to XG mode and resets settings for all parts. Addressed to device 1 (default device number).
|-
| <tt>F0 41 10 42 12 40 1A 15 02 0F F7</tt> || GS: Patch parameters, Part 11 § USE FOR RHYTHM PART → MAP2 || ❌ || ✅ || ❌ || Sets part 11 (mapped to channel 11) to drums mode, using the 2nd set of drum parameters. Addressed to device 17 (default device number). For XG, you can use a Bank Select MSB instead (see above).
|}

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==
* [[General MIDI]]
* [[Roland GS]]
* [[Yamaha XG]]