DTM Wiki - User contributions [en]

Kawai GMega

2025-11-30T21:34:39Z

MelonadeM: added picture

{{Infobox module
| name = Kawai GMega
| image = [[File:Kawai_G_Mega_front.jpg|300px]]
| dimensions = 219 × 44 × 189<ref name=gmega-om-specs>Kawai GMega Owner's Manual, page 108.</ref>
| rackunits = 1U, half-width
| weight = 1.5kg <ref name=gmega-om-specs />
| type = GM sound module
| manufacturer = Kawai
| releasedate = 1993
| standards = [[General MIDI]]
| maxpoly = 32<ref name=gmega-om-specs />
| numparts = 32<ref name=gmega-om-specs />
| numpresets = 256 (total)<ref name=gmega-om-specs /> 128 (GM)<ref name=gmega-om-specs /> 128 (SP)<ref name=gmega-om-specs />
| drumpresets = 7<ref name=gmega-om-specs />
| effects = Reverb (6 types)<ref>Kawai GMega Owner's Manual, page 93.</ref>
}}

The Kawai GMega is a General MIDI desktop sound module released by Kawai in 1993.

The GMega has three different sound banks to choose from called GM (General MIDI), SP (Standard Preset - MT-32 compliant), and USER. Each bank consists of 128 tones, and 128 percussion sounds for use in any of the 7 drum kits. The USER bank is a duplicate of the GM bank by default. The GMega does not come pre-loaded with original sounds independent from GM and MT-32 compliant tones with the exception of patches 124-128 in the SP bank called "NewSyn1" - "NewSyn5".

Of the 128 tones in any bank, 64 of them are Single tones, and 64 are Double tones, totaling 192 Singles per bank. When editing the USER bank, a Single tone cannot be converted into a Double tone or vice-versa, but tones can be rearranged through the Single Edit/COPY menu.

In Section Edit mode, any of the GMega's 32 Sections can be assigned to any of the 32 MIDI input channels with customized parameters including keyboard range, tuning, volume, panning, amplitude attack/release offset, and filter cutoff offset, thus making the GMega suitable as a performance synth. Unlike the K11, The GMega does not store performance presets, however Section data can be dumped and re-loaded as System Exclusive data.

== External links ==
* [https://kawaius.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Kawai-GMEGA-Module-Manual.pdf Owner's Manual], [https://drive.google.com/file/d/18Qb4kgPwtOqEOOiu9i0KOaOsPonkevil/view?usp=sharing OCR scanned version for text searching]
* [https://kawaius.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Kawai-GMEGA-Wave-List.pdf Wave List & Sysex Implementation]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:General MIDI devices]]

User:MelonadeM

2025-11-02T16:49:08Z

MelonadeM: moment of silence for the death of virus ti :-(

Hi, I'm MelonadeM. 25 year old, living in the United Kingdom.
I have a lot of vintage sound modules, they all sound great.

==TO-DO LIST==
*[[Yamaha S-YXG50]]
*[[Roland Studio Canvas series]] - while featuring the xv engine I think these will warrant their own articles - SD20, SD80 and SD90
*<s>[[Sony DPS-F7]]</s> Done!
*Icons - Retread steps:
** Instead of DC Jack icon, barrel jack redirect for either AC or DC depending on use to the glossary
** Same as above for usb
** ask hikari nicely if they can remove the extra icons that won't be used now :pensive:
*'''Categorise all articles by keyboard, rackmount unit, effects unit, synthesizer, drum machine, year, and so on'''

==== Current modules ====
* [[Roland SC-55mkII]]
* [[Roland-ED SC-8850]]
* [[Roland XV-5050]] (with [[SRX|SRX-06 Complete Orchestra]] and [[SRX|SRX-09 World Collection]])
* [[Yamaha MU128]]
* [[Alesis S4 Plus]]
* [[Roland CM-32L]] (non functioning... 😔)
* [[Roland U-220]] (with SN-U110-15 Super Brass)

User:MelonadeM

2025-10-21T17:07:08Z

MelonadeM:

Hi, I'm MelonadeM. 25 year old, living in the United Kingdom.
I have a lot of vintage sound modules, they all sound great.

==TO-DO LIST==
*[[Yamaha S-YXG50]]
*[[Roland Studio Canvas series]] - while featuring the xv engine I think these will warrant their own articles - SD20, SD80 and SD90
*<s>[[Sony DPS-F7]]</s> Done!
*Icons - Retread steps:
** Instead of DC Jack icon, barrel jack redirect for either AC or DC depending on use to the glossary
** Same as above for usb
** ask hikari nicely if they can remove the extra icons that won't be used now :pensive:
*'''Categorise all articles by keyboard, rackmount unit, effects unit, synthesizer, drum machine, year, and so on'''

==== Current modules ====
* [[Roland SC-55mkII]]
* [[Roland-ED SC-8850]]
* [[Roland XV-5050]] (with [[SRX|SRX-06 Complete Orchestra]] and [[SRX|SRX-09 World Collection]])
* [[Yamaha MU128]]
* [[Alesis S4 Plus]]
* [[Access Virus TI Desktop]]
* [[Roland CM-32L]] (non functioning... 😔)
* [[Roland U-220]] (with SN-U110-15 Super Brass)

Yamaha DX7

2025-10-21T17:04:30Z

MelonadeM: forgot https for one link

{{Stub}}
{{Infobox module
| name = Yamaha DX7
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 101.8 × 10.2 × 32.9<ref name=dx7-specs>DX7 Operating Manual, pg. 27</ref>
| weight = 14.2kg<ref name=dx7-specs />
| type = 6 operator FM Synthesizer<ref name=dx7-specs />
| keyboard = 61 Keys with initial and aftertouch sensitivity<ref name=dx7-specs />
| manufacturer = Yamaha
| releasedate = 1983
| maxpoly = 16<ref name=dx7-specs />
| numparts = 1 (Monotimbral)
| numpresets = 32<ref name=dx7-specs />
| power = Hard-wired {{Hard-Wired}} Region-specific (Applicable to all DX7 models and variants)
| battery = 3v CR2032
| expansion = DX7 Voice Cartridge<ref name=dx7-specs />
}}

The Yamaha DX7 is a 61-key 6 operator FM synthesizer keyboard created by Yamaha in 1983. It's one of the most famous synthesizers ever made. It was incredibly successful and especially popular in the 1980's. Many of its tones appearing in popular music and productions of the time. Many of its sounds (Such as the unique glassy rhodes tone, its very distinctively harsh digital bass sounds, and many more) to this day are still production staples, having been sampled in countless sample-based synthesizers and most notably in the [[General MIDI]] spec, as the Electric Piano 2 voice.

It employs 6 operator FM synthesis as its main source of sound generation, with 32 algorithms. The DX7 comes with 2 sound cartridges, with the first 32 preset voices of the first one loaded in internal memory.<ref>''"..the first 32 sounds on the first cartridge are already loaded into the machine. If I put the cartridge with 64 sounds in as well, this gives me access to 96 memories in all. The first 32 in the DX represent a general selection of the 128."'' - [https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/dave-bristow-on-the-yamaha-dx7/6076 Dave Bristow on the Yamaha DX7 by Mike Beecher], Sound On Sound July 1983 Issue</ref>

==FM Synthesis==
Contrary to a lot of marketing, the DX7 actually implements phase modulation synthesis; rather than modulating the frequency of each oscillator, it modulates its phase instead. For DX7's implementation, where only sine wave-based operators can be used, this is perfectly equivalent to frequency modulation, however later Yamaha FM synths that use non-sine wave based oscillators (such as the TX81Z) would have a slightly different sound compared to FM implementations.

Regardless of such, FM synthesis provides a very different paradigm compared to more traditional subtractive synthesis - rather than having a sound that you can use a filter to remove parts of the sound, you are provided with many different "operators", which can rapidly sweep the pitch (or phase) at audible rates to create harmonically rich sounds. When tuned precisely to ratios (such as 2x, 3x and so on), this can create very sharp and bright sounds, uncharacteristic of typical subtractive synthesis, especially of its era which employed much simpler sawtooth or pulse waveforms. The user also had the choice to run these operators at a "fixed" frequency, which did not scale with the frequency played, to create harsher sounds.

32 algorithms are provided to the user, which link up the operators in different ways. The operators that actually output audio are referred to as '''carriers''', while an operator that links to one or more operators are referred to as '''modulators'''. It is worth noting that modulators can feed into other modulators, however the relationship of this is dependant on the algorithm chosen. One operator has access to a "feedback" parameter, which lets it modulate itself, regardless of whether it is a carrier or modulator.

Yamaha's implementation of FM synthesis on the DX7 employs the use of two chips: The ''Yamaha YM2128 (OPS)'' for generating the operator sounds, and the ''Yamaha YM2129 (EGS)'' for the envelope generation. Later revisions of the DX7, such as the DX7 II, employed revisions with the same base feature sets - The ''Yamaha YM2604 (OPS2)'' for operators, and ''Yamaha YM3609 (EGM)'' for the envelopes instead.

==Revisions & Variants==

===Yamaha DX9===
The Yamaha DX9, released in 1983, is a DX7 with a modified firmware, which reduces the number of available operators from 6 to 4, and reduces the algorithm count from 32 to 8, among other cost-reducing factors.<ref>[https://gist.github.com/bryc/e85315f758ff3eced19d2d4fdeef01c5#dx7-ym21280-ops-fm-operator-type-s-and-ym21290-egs Collecting info on Yamaha FM soundchips], Github gist by bryc</ref>. The 8 algorithms are the same as those featured on later 4-operator Yamaha offerings, such as the DX21/100/200 and the TX81Z.

There is firmware available online to restore some of the missing functionality, making the DX9 behave more like a real DX7, but ultimately the DX9 and DX7 are designed differently enough where this isn't fully feasible - differences in available RAM, the key bed not supporting aftertouch or velocity sensitivity, and lack of enough front panel controls have made it challenging, if not impossible, to make the keyboard "be" a real DX7.<ref>[https://github.com/ajxs/yamaha_dx97 Ajxs's "Yamaha DX97" Firmware.]</ref>

===Yamaha TX7===
The Yamaha TX7 is a desktop version of the DX7. It is not a rack mounted synthesizer. It otherwise employs the same features as the DX7.

===Yamaha DX7s===
Released in 1987, the DX7s is a redesign of the DX7 to get it looking more in-line with the DX7ii which released the same year. It employs the same feature set as the DX7.<ref>[https://spectralplex.com/yamaha-dx7-synthesizer/index.html Spectralplex DX7 technical comparison].</ref>

===Yamaha DX7iiD / Yamaha DX7iiFD / Yamaha DX7ii Centennial===
Released in 1987 (1988 for the Centennial edition), these are all upgrades over the base DX7 that provide double the polyphony, bi-timbral operation, stereo output, as well as a new design to make editing easier. Because it is bi-timbral, one can employ proper "split" patches (as opposed to using the level scale feature to create faux-splits on previous units), or simply employ 2 FM voices per note for more elaborate sound design (such as layering a marimba and brass sound together, as an example).

The DX7ii Centennial further upgrades the DX7 by featuring a 76-note keyboard instead of the more typical 61, and also being featured in a silver-y white finish rather than the dark greys or browns of the previous units.

==Available Firmware==
As the DX7 was a hugely popular synthesizer, it is relatively common practice for people to upgrade the firmware to add features not present on the original synthesizers.
[need to find info about firmware history and revisions]

==Emulations and recreations==
As the DX7 is quite a popular synthesizer, and because the sound production method isn't strictly tied to including an entire bank of ROM waveforms, there are quite a lot of emulations and recreations available, either as free open-source software or as paid software, or even hardware.

===Dexed===
By far the most popular recreation. It is available as a free VST and standalone program, and has the ability to interface with a real DX7, acting as a librarian. It is also fully open-source and has an interface that allows for full patch editing. It is regarded as difficult to use for patch creation by some.

===Chipsynth OPS7===
This is a modern recreation that tries to accurately recreate all the quirks of the DX7, from some of its software quirks to the compander-based DAC. It can also act as a librarian, but also implements a number of features not available on the DX7, such as a dual voice system reminiscent of the DX5 and DX1, or the later DX7ii, extra waveforms taken from the TX81Z, the YMF262, or even the AFM engine from the SY77. The interface is easier to use than Dexed's and offers a similar user interface to Chipsynth MD. It is available as a one-time paid purchase from Plogue's storefront.

===Arturia DX7 V===
This is another modern recreation. It implements SysEX support, but cannot act as a librarian. Many extra waveforms are implemented, as well as a wealth of new features, a modulation matrix, and a nice graphical interface. It also has a built-in velocity scaling feature, allowing the user to either use the full 0-127 velocity range, or limit it to 0-99 as per the original DX7 key bed. It can be acquired from Arturia's storefront either on its own or as part of the "V Collection" bundle.

===Korg Volca FM & Volca FM 2===
This is a compact hardware unit with a built-in sequencer, it has 3-voice polyphony, it can load DX7 SysEx files. The Volca FM 2 doubles this to 6-voice polyphony.

==Oddities==
* The DX7 was made very early on when the MIDI protocol was still new, so its implementation has quite a few oddities and quirks such as:
** On the original models, it can only transmit velocity up to 100, though all DX7s can receive up to the normal 127. As the original set of patches was designed to be used with the limited-velocity keyboard, they may sound weird at louder velocities if they are velocity sensitive (or, depending on how the DX7 was used, the opposite can also be true).
** It can only transmit on Channel 1 (but can still receive on any channel).<ref>''"the standard factory DX7 always transmits on MIDI channel 1"'' - [https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/expand-your-dx/1487 Expand your DX by Martin Russ], from Sound On Sound January 1987 Issue</ref>
** Aftertouch was a CC parameter rather than a controller type of its own (this was since corrected in later firmware).<ref>''"Early DX7s also had a problem with aftertouch being used as a controller, but this has since been cured by a software update."'' - [https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/expand-your-dx/1487 Expand your DX by Martin Russ], from Sound On Sound January 1987 Issue</ref>

* The DX7 Manual has an error on page 1 that states the keyboard is expandable up to 128 preset voices when it can only interface with up to 96 when considering the 32 Voice Preset Internal memory and an external 64 Voice cartridge.

== References ==
<references />

==External Links==
* [https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/9/333979/DX7E1.pdf DX7 Operating Manual + MIDI DATA Format]
* [https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/5/320805/DX7E2.pdf DX7 Voice Library with Performance Notes]
* [https://download.yamaha.com/files/tcm:39-331941 Brochure]

Roland M-DC1

2025-10-21T17:00:06Z

MelonadeM: mention jv-880 limitations

{{Infobox module
| name = Roland M-DC1
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 482 × 44 × 165<ref name=manual-specs>Owner's Manual, pg. 20.</ref>
| rackunits = 1U<ref name=manual-specs />
| weight = 2.65kg<ref name=manual-specs />
| type = Multi-timbral sound module
| manufacturer = Roland
| releasedate = 1995
| maxpoly = 28<ref name=manual-specs />
| numparts = 7 + 1 rhythm<ref name=manual-specs />
| numpresets = 255<ref name=manual-specs />
| drumpresets = 16<ref name=manual-specs />
| effects = Reverb (8 types), Chorus (3 types)<ref name=manual-specs />
}}
The '''Roland M-DC1''' is a rackmount version of the [[Roland SR-JV80 series|Roland SR-JV80-06]] Expansion Card created by Roland and AMG, as part of Roland's Sound Expansion Series of modules. Like other modules in the series, it is based on the [[Roland JV-880]], meaning there's no EFX and it's limited to 28 voices, it's very cut down spec-wise and utilizes a very simple 7 segment 3 character LED display.<ref name=manual-specs />

It takes a lot of its samples from the libraries "AMG - Black II Black" and "AMG - Remix".<ref name=samples>''"The Waveforms for this product include a large number of selections from "Black II Black" and "Remix", two sampling-use audio CD-ROMs from AMG (Advanced Media Group) which have earned high acclaim in dance-music circles."'' - Owner's Manual pg. 14</ref>

Despite not adhering to General MIDI or Roland GS, it does respond to a GS Reset, which will set the unit to Performance 18, which is very equivalent to an INIT patch.

== References ==
<references/>

== External Links ==
* [http://synthmanuals.com/manuals/roland/m-dc1/owners_manual/m-dc1_om.pdf M-DC1 Owner's Manual]
* [https://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/M-BD1_DC1_GS64_OC1_SE1_VS1_UG.pdf Sound Expansion Series Owner's Manual]

[[Category:Rackmount units]] [[Category:Roland JV devices]]

Glossary

2025-10-21T16:08:44Z

MelonadeM: organised, elaborated and added more terms in preparation for expansion

This page contains short (sometimes longer) definitions of common acronyms or relevant terminology used in various products covered by this wiki. Pictures are sometimes included as well for clarity's sake.

==MIDI Terminology==
;MIDI
:Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a universal music communication standard used across many different types of devices. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI Wikipedia's article on MIDI may be helpful].
:It is sometimes also used to refer to [[Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth]] or '.mid' files.
;GM
;GM1
:Stands for [[General MIDI]]. Sometimes GM1 is used to differentiate from GM2.
;GM2
:Stands for [[General MIDI 2]].
;CAF/CAf
:Stands for '''Channel Aftertouch''', sometimes referred to '''Channel Pressure''' (abbreviation from Roland documentation). Some MIDI keyboards feature this and is used by "pushing" the key down further after sounding it to control one or several parameters (for example using this pressure control to adjust the filter cutoff frequency of a sound)
;CC
:Stands for '''Continuous Control''', typically followed up by a number between 0 and 127 to denote the control number. This is a MIDI message that represents adjusting a "controller", e.g. adjusting the modulation wheel. Used both for the MIDI message and for the numbered controllers that the messages use. [[GM–GS–XG quick reference]] lists some CCs.
;GS
:[[Roland GS]] standard.
;NRPN
:Stands for '''Non-Registered Parameter Number.''' This is a standard MIDI feature used for standard parameters shared between synths (e.g. [[General MIDI]] uses it). This is a MIDI concept similar to a controller (CC), but instead of sending a single CC, setting an RPN requires sending an NRPN MSB CC, NRPN LSB CC, and then Data Entry CCs (usually just Data Entry MSB). [[GM–GS–XG quick reference]] lists some NRPNs and the CCs used for them. See also NRPN.
;RPN
:Stands for '''Registered Parameter Number.''' This is a standard MIDI feature used for manufacturer-specific additional parameters (e.g. [[XG]] and [[GS]] use it). This is a MIDI concept similar to a controller (CC), but instead of sending a single CC, setting an RPN requires sending an RPN MSB CC, RPN LSB CC, and then Data Entry CCs (usually just Data Entry MSB). [[GM–GS–XG quick reference]] lists some RPNs and the CCs used for them. See also RPN.
;XG
:[[Yamaha XG]] standard.
;SMF
:Standard MIDI File. The standard format for MIDI files (usually have the ".mid" extension). [https://midi.org/standard-midi-files The standard can be downloaded from midi.org].

==Connectors==
;XLR
:'''XLR''' is a connector type used in some instruments, most commonly microphones. It is circular in shape and provides three visible pins, one used for ground and the others used to create a balanced audio signal.

;1/4" Jack
;6.35mm Jack
;Instrument Jack
:All refers to a type of phone connector that is 1/4", or 6.35mm in length. The most common types are TS (tip-sleeve), which feature one black ring and typically provide monophonic audio, or TRS (tip-ring-sleeve), which features two black rings and typically provide stereophonic audio.

;MIDI Port
;5-pin DIN
:Refers to the 5-pin MIDI connector, which is typically a 5-pin DIN connector.

;Barrel Jack
;DC Jack
;Coaxial Connector
:A type of direct current connector, where the unit to be powered has a hole with a pin in it, and the connector is a jack with a hole in the center. Typically denotes '''DC''' above the connector, along with a voltage/amperage rating, and sometimes a polarity (such as {{Center Negative}} or {{Center Positive}}). Check out the [[Power supplies]] article for information.

;IEC 60320 2-pin/3-pin
;Kettle Lead
;Figure-8 Lead
:Refers to {{IEC 2-pin Icon}} for IEC 60320 2-pin/Figure-8 lead, or {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} for IEC 60320 3-pin/Kettle Lead.

==Synthesis terms==
;ADSR
:Stands for '''Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release''', used in many envelope types. The '''attack''' denotes how sharp or smooth a sound it upon being sounded (in other words, how fast to fade in), '''decay''' denotes how fast a note should decay after the attack phase is over, with '''sustain''' deciding to what level to decay to. '''Release''' then will fade the sound from the sustain level to silence in the specified amount of time.

;EFX
:It is the name of a multi-effects processor found in some Roland products, such as the [[Roland JV-1080]]<ref>[https://static.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/JV-1080_OM.pdf Roland JV-1080 Owner's Manual], page 83.</ref> and [[Roland SC-88 Pro]],<ref>[https://static.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SC-88PRO_OM.pdf Roland SC-88 Pro Owner's Manual]</ref>. It possibly is short for "effects". See also MFX.

;MFX
:It is the name of a multi-effects processor found in some Roland products, such as the [[Roland XV-3080]]<ref>[https://static.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/XV-3080_OM.pdf Roland XV-3080 Owner's Manual], page 196.</ref> and [[Roland XV-5080|XV-5080]],<ref>[https://static.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/XV-5080_OM.pdf Roland XV-5080 Owner's Manual], page 306.</ref>. It possibly is short for "multiple effects". See also EFX.

;SC
:Short-hand for the [[Roland Sound Canvas]] series. Can be seen in some product names, such as the [[SC-88]].

;TVA
:Stands for '''Time Variable Amplifier'''. Works by providing both intervals (like ADSR) but also target volumes of each key point. Most often used by Roland. The "amplifier" part of this denotes that it will modify a sound's amplitude, or in other words volume.

;TVF
:Stands for '''Time Variable Filter'''. Works by providing both intervals (like ADSR) but also target volumes of each key point. Most often used by Roland. The "filter" part of this denotes that it will modify a sound's filter cut-off, which depending on the synth it is used on can be low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and so on.

== References ==
<references />

XG Plug-in System

2025-10-21T15:32:35Z

MelonadeM: svg

[[File:XG Plug-in System logo.svg|200px|right|thumb|The XG Plug-in System logo.]]
[[File:Modular Synthesis Plug-in System logo.png|400px|right|thumb|The Modular Synthesis Plug-in System logo.]]
The '''XG Plug-in System''', is a system developed by Yamaha for expanding [[Yamaha XG]] tone generators.<ref name=mu100-om-plg>[https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/5/333985/MU100E1.pdf Yamaha MU100 Owner's Manual], pages 163 and 164.</ref> Yamaha produced a series of "plug-in boards" (expansion boards) for this system.<ref name=mu100-om-plg /> Unlike some other expansion board systems (e.g. the [[Roland SR-JV80 series]]), these boards do not just add new sounds, but contain an entire synthesis or effects engine on a board, thus potentially providing more polyphony or additional capabilities to their host device. Korg also produced a similar product in their EXB lineup with the [[EXB-MOSS]] board.

These XG plug-in boards (PLG100-series) can be thought of as the first generation of Yamaha's '''Modular Synthesis Plug-in System''', a branding convention which was established later, with the PLG150-series boards. The two generations are mostly cross-compatible, and the differences between them are not precisely defined. The MU100 and MU128 manuals only refer to the XG Plug-in System, whereas the MU1000 manual mentions both. The PLG100 and PLG150 series boards were later referred to as the 'Standard Series' and 'Professional Series' respectively in Yamaha's product literature. <ref>[https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/brochure/4/324594/msps_en_02.pdf Yamaha Modular Synthesis Plug-in System brochure]</ref>.

The most obvious, practical difference, is that the onboard non-volatile memory which was added to the specification for the PLG150-series boards, was not made directly accessible via the interface of XG devices. This addition was only available via more studio-oriented host devices, such as the S-series keyboards and MOTIF line, allowing for on-device storage of user patches and settings. There is no fundamental incompatibility with PLG150-series for XG devices other than this limitation, though early firmware revisions of the MU100 apparently have issues with certain boards, requiring the updated firmware 1.11 for full compatibility (originally available from Yamaha on a new ROM chip, part #XU507200).

The PLG100-SG and PLG100-VL boards include unpopulated [[Waveblaster]] headers, with unused pads for the necessary supporting circuitry— this could suggest that the exact implementation of this system was not a certainty at first. Since these two boards were made available in a software form for Windows, it may have been determined that the inclusion of the waveblaster interface was not needed.

The [[Yamaha MU100]] and MU100R are the first modules in the [[Yamaha MU series]] to support the system.

== Boards ==

In total, 12 of the '''Yamaha PLG series''' plug-in boards were produced, these included:

[[File:Yamaha_PLG100-SG_front.jpg|230px|right|thumb|PLG100-SG Front.]]
* [[Yamaha PLG100-DX]], is a 16 note polyphonic, six operator FM synthesizer, recreation of the Yamaha DX7 series.<ref name=mu100-om-plg /> Includes Part EQ, low-pass/high-pass filter, 912 preset voices and 64 user voices.
* [[Yamaha PLG100-VL]], is a monophonic virtual acoustic physical modeling synthesizer, using Yamaha's VL-type synthesis, a.k.a.VL70-m. Includes 256 preset voices, and 70 user voices.<ref name=mu100-om-plg />
* [[Yamaha PLG100-XG]], is a 32 note polyphonic XG voice expansion, includes reverb, chorus and insert effects, 480 voice presets and 12 drum kits.
* [[Yamaha PLG100-VH]], is a vocal harmony processor,<ref name=mu100-om-plg /> adding three layers of harmony over of the input. Includes vocoder, detune, chordal and chromatic harmony modes.
* [[Yamaha PLG100-SG]], is a monophonic formant 'synging' vocal synthesizer, with onboard phoneme dictionary and 72 preset voices.<ref name=mu100-om-plg />
* [[Yamaha PLG150-DX]], is the same as the PLG100-DX, with the addition of non-volatile memory for the Motif series.
* [[Yamaha PLG150-VL]], is the same as the PLG100-VL, with the addition of non-volatile memory for the Motif series.
* [[Yamaha PLG150-AN]], is a 5 note polyphonic analog modeling synthesizer, using Yamaha's AN-type synthesis. Includes guitar amp sim effect, 3-band EQ, 256 preset and 128 user voices.
* [[Yamaha PLG150-DR]], is a 32 note polyphonic drum expansion, with a wide range of sounds. Includes one reverb effect, 80 preset and 8 user kits.
* [[Yamaha PLG150-PC]], is a 32 note polyphonic latin percussion expansion, sounds from Q UP Arts’ LATIN GROOVE FACTORY library. Includes one reverb effect, 80 preset kits and 8 user kits.
* [[Yamaha PLG150-PF]], is a 64 note polyphonic, PF series Digital Piano expansion. Includes EQ, Reverb, Chorus, and variation effects and 136 preset voices.
* [[Yamaha PLG100-AP]], is a 64 note polyphonic, multi-sampled CFIIIS concert grand piano. Includes EQ, Reverb, Chorus, and variation effects and 64 preset voices.

== Supported hosts ==

* [[Yamaha MU100]]
* [[Yamaha MU100B]]
* [[Yamaha MU100R]]
* [[Yamaha MU128]]
* [[Yamaha MU1000]]
* [[Yamaha MU2000]]
* [[Yamaha S30]]
* [[Yamaha S80]]
* [[Yamaha S90]]
* [[Yamaha CS6X]]
* [[Yamaha CS6R]]
* [[Yamaha PSR9000 Pro]]
* [[Yamaha SW1000XG]] (sound card)
* [[Yamaha MOTIF]]
* [[Yamaha MOTIF Rack]]
* [[Yamaha MOTIF ES]]
* [[Yamaha MOTIF ES Rack]]
* [[Yamaha AN200]] ✽
* [[Yamaha DX200]] ✽
* [[Kenton Plug Station]]

✽ Comes with the respective AN or DX board pre-installed, not compatible with other PLG boards, or other revisions of those which they are designed to use.<ref>[https://esher.ru/blog/901.html When your PLG150-AN is not working with your AN200 host - vetal strings]</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/brochure/4/324594/msps_en_02.pdf Yamaha Modular Synthesis Plug-in System brochure]

== See also ==
* [[Roland VE series]] (similar concept from Roland)

Main Page

2025-10-21T15:32:04Z

MelonadeM:

Welcome to the '''DTM Wiki'''!

== About ==

The goal of this wiki is to document old MIDI devices intended for computer musicians (in Japanese: [https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF DTMers]), especially synthesizers from Roland's [[Sound Canvas]] series and Yamaha's [[MU series]], but other digital synths from around the same era are also of interest.

This wiki is a project of the [https://discord.gg/PuYkEC4Nz3 DTM MIDI Central] Discord server. There is a discussion channel for the wiki there. The admin of the wiki is [[User:hikari_no_yume|hikari_no_yume]], who is not one of the Discord server moderators.

This wiki is still in its early stages, so a lot is yet to be worked out and things may change rapidly. Please be patient!

== Content ==
<div style="float: right; text-align: right">
[[File:General MIDI.svg|100px|link=General MIDI]][[File:Roland GS.svg|100px|link=Roland GS]] 
[[File:Yamaha XG.svg|100px|link=Yamaha XG]][[File:General MIDI 2.svg|100px|link=General_MIDI_2]] 
[[File:XG Plug-in System logo.svg|100px|link=XG Plug-in System]][[File:Yamaha XGLite.svg|100px]]
</div>

'''Help pages:''' [[Power supplies]] ・ [[GM–GS–XG quick reference]] ・ [[Replacing backup batteries]] ・ [[Glossary]]
* '''Wiki help:''' [[Help:Creating_Articles|Creating Articles]]

'''Standards:''' [[General MIDI]] ([[:Category:General MIDI devices|devices]]) ・ [[Roland GS]] ([[:Category:Roland GS devices|devices]]) ・ [[Yamaha XG]] ([[:Category:Yamaha XG devices|devices]])

'''Device series:'''
*'''Roland:''' [[Roland Sound Canvas|Sound Canvas]] ([[:Category:Roland Sound Canvas devices|devices]]) ・ [[Roland JV series|JV series]] ([[:Category:Roland JV devices|devices]]) ・ [[Roland XV series|XV series]] ([[:Category:Roland XV devices|devices]])
*'''Yamaha:''' [[Yamaha MU series|MU series]] ([[:Category:Yamaha MU series devices|devices]]) ・ [[Yamaha QY series|QY series]] ([[:Category:Yamaha QY series devices|devices]])
*'''Other:''' [[Alesis Quadrasynth series|Alesis Quadrasynth]] ([[:Category:Alesis Quadrasynth devices|devices]])
*'''Categories:''' [[:Category:Keyboards|Keyboards]] ・ [[:Category:Rackmount_units|Rackmount units]] ・ [[:Category:Effect Units|Effect units]] ・ [[:Category:Software_Synthesizers|Software synthesizers]]

'''Expansions:''' [[XG Plug-in System]] ・ [[Roland SR-JV80 series]] ・ [[Roland SRX series]] ・ ([[:Category:Roland expansion boards and cards|Other Roland series]]) ・ [[Alesis PCMCIA]]

'''Software:''' [[TMIDI Player]] ・ [[Roland Sound Canvas VA]] ・ [[Beatnik Audio Engine]] ・ [[:Category:Software_Synthesizers|Other software]]

([[Special:AllPages|and more!]])

[[File:Roland SC-7 and Roland SC-88VL.jpg|300px]] 
[[File:Roland-SC8850-Front.jpg|300px|link=Roland SC-8850]][[File:Yamaha_MU128-front.jpg|300px|link=Yamaha MU128]] 
[[File:Xv5050-front.jpg|600px|link=Roland XV-5050]] 
[[File:S4plus-front.jpg|600px|link=Alesis Quadrasynth S4]] 
[[File:Roland JV-2080-front.jpg|600px|link=Roland JV-2080]]

== Credits ==

The [https://dtm.noyu.me/dtm-wiki-logo.svg DTM Wiki Logo] was dreamed up by [[User:.now.its.dark.|.now.its.dark.]] (the [https://dtm.noyu.me/favicon.ico favicon version] was pixelled by [[User:hikari_no_yume|hikari_no_yume]]).

File:XG Plug-in System logo.svg

2025-10-21T15:31:40Z

MelonadeM: Recreation of the Yamaha XG Plug-in System logo in SVG form to replace the existing PNG.

== Summary ==
Recreation of the Yamaha XG Plug-in System logo in SVG form to replace the existing PNG.
== Licensing ==
{{License-self|CC0 1.0 Universal}}

File:General MIDI.svg

2025-10-21T15:29:34Z

MelonadeM: MelonadeM uploaded a new version of File:General MIDI.svg

== Summary ==
General MIDI SVG recreation
== Licensing ==
{{License-self|CC0 1.0 Universal}}

Category:In-line icon templates

2025-10-21T15:13:24Z

MelonadeM: removed "depreciated icons" such as dc jack or usb type b following discussions in the dtm wiki channel

This category is solely used to denote in-line icons. The following icons are available:

* {{Center Negative}} and {{Center Positive}} are used to denote the polarity of a DC connection. They will both link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use them, simply embed them via <nowiki>{{Center Negative}} or {{Center Positive}}</nowiki> respectively, ideally alongside text denoting the connection type (barrel/coaxial jack, amperage, and diameter size)
* {{Hard-Wired}} is used to denote units that are permanently attached to a power cord. Please note that this is a generic depiction and is not intended to denote any particular region. If a unit is region-specific, please denote this accordingly. It will also link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{Hard-Wired}}</nowiki>.
* {{IEC 2-pin Icon}} and {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} are AC connections. If a device uses either then please also describe if it is universal power (i.e. it doesn't matter which region it is used in) or if it is region-specific (i.e. it requires a transformer to use outside a certain region). It will also link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use these, simply embed via <nowiki>{{IEC 2-pin Icon}} or {{IEC 3-pin Icon}}</nowiki> respectively.

==Depreciated icons==
* {{DC Jack}} - Discontinued because of unclear iconography and being superseded by the Center Negative/Positive icons. To be replaced with a glossary short-link.
* {{USB Type-B}} - Discontinued because of unclear iconography, to be replaced with a glossary short-link depending on type.
Other icons are also available but have no template associated with them. Unless necessary, it is discouraged to create templates for these icons.

[[Category:In-line icon templates]]

Yamaha DX7

2025-10-21T15:06:16Z

MelonadeM: added all known dx7 variants in its own section.

{{Stub}}
{{Infobox module
| name = Yamaha DX7
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 101.8 × 10.2 × 32.9<ref name=dx7-specs>DX7 Operating Manual, pg. 27</ref>
| weight = 14.2kg<ref name=dx7-specs />
| type = 6 operator FM Synthesizer<ref name=dx7-specs />
| keyboard = 61 Keys with initial and aftertouch sensitivity<ref name=dx7-specs />
| manufacturer = Yamaha
| releasedate = 1983
| maxpoly = 16<ref name=dx7-specs />
| numparts = 1 (Monotimbral)
| numpresets = 32<ref name=dx7-specs />
| power = Hard-wired {{Hard-Wired}} Region-specific (Applicable to all DX7 models and variants)
| battery = 3v CR2032
| expansion = DX7 Voice Cartridge<ref name=dx7-specs />
}}

The Yamaha DX7 is a 61-key 6 operator FM synthesizer keyboard created by Yamaha in 1983. It's one of the most famous synthesizers ever made. It was incredibly successful and especially popular in the 1980's. Many of its tones appearing in popular music and productions of the time. Many of its sounds (Such as the unique glassy rhodes tone, its very distinctively harsh digital bass sounds, and many more) to this day are still production staples, having been sampled in countless sample-based synthesizers and most notably in the [[General MIDI]] spec, as the Electric Piano 2 voice.

It employs 6 operator FM synthesis as its main source of sound generation, with 32 algorithms. The DX7 comes with 2 sound cartridges, with the first 32 preset voices of the first one loaded in internal memory.<ref>''"..the first 32 sounds on the first cartridge are already loaded into the machine. If I put the cartridge with 64 sounds in as well, this gives me access to 96 memories in all. The first 32 in the DX represent a general selection of the 128."'' - [https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/dave-bristow-on-the-yamaha-dx7/6076 Dave Bristow on the Yamaha DX7 by Mike Beecher], Sound On Sound July 1983 Issue</ref>

==FM Synthesis==
Contrary to a lot of marketing, the DX7 actually implements phase modulation synthesis; rather than modulating the frequency of each oscillator, it modulates its phase instead. For DX7's implementation, where only sine wave-based operators can be used, this is perfectly equivalent to frequency modulation, however later Yamaha FM synths that use non-sine wave based oscillators (such as the TX81Z) would have a slightly different sound compared to FM implementations.

Regardless of such, FM synthesis provides a very different paradigm compared to more traditional subtractive synthesis - rather than having a sound that you can use a filter to remove parts of the sound, you are provided with many different "operators", which can rapidly sweep the pitch (or phase) at audible rates to create harmonically rich sounds. When tuned precisely to ratios (such as 2x, 3x and so on), this can create very sharp and bright sounds, uncharacteristic of typical subtractive synthesis, especially of its era which employed much simpler sawtooth or pulse waveforms. The user also had the choice to run these operators at a "fixed" frequency, which did not scale with the frequency played, to create harsher sounds.

32 algorithms are provided to the user, which link up the operators in different ways. The operators that actually output audio are referred to as '''carriers''', while an operator that links to one or more operators are referred to as '''modulators'''. It is worth noting that modulators can feed into other modulators, however the relationship of this is dependant on the algorithm chosen. One operator has access to a "feedback" parameter, which lets it modulate itself, regardless of whether it is a carrier or modulator.

Yamaha's implementation of FM synthesis on the DX7 employs the use of two chips: The ''Yamaha YM2128 (OPS)'' for generating the operator sounds, and the ''Yamaha YM2129 (EGS)'' for the envelope generation. Later revisions of the DX7, such as the DX7 II, employed revisions with the same base feature sets - The ''Yamaha YM2604 (OPS2)'' for operators, and ''Yamaha YM3609 (EGM)'' for the envelopes instead.

==Revisions & Variants==

===Yamaha DX9===
The Yamaha DX9, released in 1983, is a DX7 with a modified firmware, which reduces the number of available operators from 6 to 4, and reduces the algorithm count from 32 to 8, among other cost-reducing factors.<ref>[gist.github.com/bryc/e85315f758ff3eced19d2d4fdeef01c5#dx7-ym21280-ops-fm-operator-type-s-and-ym21290-egs Collecting info on Yamaha FM soundchips], Github gist by bryc</ref>. The 8 algorithms are the same as those featured on later 4-operator Yamaha offerings, such as the DX21/100/200 and the TX81Z.

There is firmware available online to restore some of the missing functionality, making the DX9 behave more like a real DX7, but ultimately the DX9 and DX7 are designed differently enough where this isn't fully feasible - differences in available RAM, the key bed not supporting aftertouch or velocity sensitivity, and lack of enough front panel controls have made it challenging, if not impossible, to make the keyboard "be" a real DX7.<ref>[https://github.com/ajxs/yamaha_dx97 Ajxs's "Yamaha DX97" Firmware.]</ref>

===Yamaha TX7===
The Yamaha TX7 is a desktop version of the DX7. It is not a rack mounted synthesizer. It otherwise employs the same features as the DX7.

===Yamaha DX7s===
Released in 1987, the DX7s is a redesign of the DX7 to get it looking more in-line with the DX7ii which released the same year. It employs the same feature set as the DX7.<ref>[https://spectralplex.com/yamaha-dx7-synthesizer/index.html Spectralplex DX7 technical comparison].</ref>

===Yamaha DX7iiD / Yamaha DX7iiFD / Yamaha DX7ii Centennial===
Released in 1987 (1988 for the Centennial edition), these are all upgrades over the base DX7 that provide double the polyphony, bi-timbral operation, stereo output, as well as a new design to make editing easier. Because it is bi-timbral, one can employ proper "split" patches (as opposed to using the level scale feature to create faux-splits on previous units), or simply employ 2 FM voices per note for more elaborate sound design (such as layering a marimba and brass sound together, as an example).

The DX7ii Centennial further upgrades the DX7 by featuring a 76-note keyboard instead of the more typical 61, and also being featured in a silver-y white finish rather than the dark greys or browns of the previous units.

==Available Firmware==
As the DX7 was a hugely popular synthesizer, it is relatively common practice for people to upgrade the firmware to add features not present on the original synthesizers.
[need to find info about firmware history and revisions]

==Emulations and recreations==
As the DX7 is quite a popular synthesizer, and because the sound production method isn't strictly tied to including an entire bank of ROM waveforms, there are quite a lot of emulations and recreations available, either as free open-source software or as paid software, or even hardware.

===Dexed===
By far the most popular recreation. It is available as a free VST and standalone program, and has the ability to interface with a real DX7, acting as a librarian. It is also fully open-source and has an interface that allows for full patch editing. It is regarded as difficult to use for patch creation by some.

===Chipsynth OPS7===
This is a modern recreation that tries to accurately recreate all the quirks of the DX7, from some of its software quirks to the compander-based DAC. It can also act as a librarian, but also implements a number of features not available on the DX7, such as a dual voice system reminiscent of the DX5 and DX1, or the later DX7ii, extra waveforms taken from the TX81Z, the YMF262, or even the AFM engine from the SY77. The interface is easier to use than Dexed's and offers a similar user interface to Chipsynth MD. It is available as a one-time paid purchase from Plogue's storefront.

===Arturia DX7 V===
This is another modern recreation. It implements SysEX support, but cannot act as a librarian. Many extra waveforms are implemented, as well as a wealth of new features, a modulation matrix, and a nice graphical interface. It also has a built-in velocity scaling feature, allowing the user to either use the full 0-127 velocity range, or limit it to 0-99 as per the original DX7 key bed. It can be acquired from Arturia's storefront either on its own or as part of the "V Collection" bundle.

===Korg Volca FM & Volca FM 2===
This is a compact hardware unit with a built-in sequencer, it has 3-voice polyphony, it can load DX7 SysEx files. The Volca FM 2 doubles this to 6-voice polyphony.

==Oddities==
* The DX7 was made very early on when the MIDI protocol was still new, so its implementation has quite a few oddities and quirks such as:
** On the original models, it can only transmit velocity up to 100, though all DX7s can receive up to the normal 127. As the original set of patches was designed to be used with the limited-velocity keyboard, they may sound weird at louder velocities if they are velocity sensitive (or, depending on how the DX7 was used, the opposite can also be true).
** It can only transmit on Channel 1 (but can still receive on any channel).<ref>''"the standard factory DX7 always transmits on MIDI channel 1"'' - [https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/expand-your-dx/1487 Expand your DX by Martin Russ], from Sound On Sound January 1987 Issue</ref>
** Aftertouch was a CC parameter rather than a controller type of its own (this was since corrected in later firmware).<ref>''"Early DX7s also had a problem with aftertouch being used as a controller, but this has since been cured by a software update."'' - [https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/expand-your-dx/1487 Expand your DX by Martin Russ], from Sound On Sound January 1987 Issue</ref>

* The DX7 Manual has an error on page 1 that states the keyboard is expandable up to 128 preset voices when it can only interface with up to 96 when considering the 32 Voice Preset Internal memory and an external 64 Voice cartridge.

== References ==
<references />

==External Links==
* [https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/9/333979/DX7E1.pdf DX7 Operating Manual + MIDI DATA Format]
* [https://usa.yamaha.com/files/download/other_assets/5/320805/DX7E2.pdf DX7 Voice Library with Performance Notes]
* [https://download.yamaha.com/files/tcm:39-331941 Brochure]

D-70

2025-10-13T21:35:46Z

MelonadeM: Redirected page to Roland D-70

#REDIRECT [[Roland D-70]]

Alesis Quadrasynth

2025-10-13T21:35:17Z

MelonadeM:

{{Infobox module
| name = Alesis Quadrasynth
| image = {{Photo wanted}} '''Alesis Quadrasynth keyboard''' [[File:Alesis-S4-Front.jpg|320px]] '''Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Module'''
| dimensions = 1220 × 115 × 355 (keyboard) 482 × 43 × 150 (module)
| keyboard = 76 keys
| weight = 13.6kg (keyboard) ~2kg (module)
| rackunits = 1U, full width (modules only)
| manufacturer = Alesis
| releasedate = 1994
| maxpoly = 64
| numparts = 16
| numpresets = '''Programs:''' 128 factory + 128 user '''Mixes:''' 100 factory + 100 user
| expansion = 1 × [[Alesis PCMCIA]]
| battery = 3-volt BR2325
| power = IEC 3-pin {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} (keyboard) Region-specific Alesis 4-pin 9V AC (module) Any region
| effects = Variable, see [[#Effects|effects]].
| successor = [[Alesis Quadrasynth Plus]]
}}
The '''Alesis Quadrasynth''' and '''Alesis Quadrasynth S4''' are synthesizers released in 1994 by Alesis. They are the first models to incorporate the "QS Composite Synthesis" synthesis to produce sounds.<ref name="qs-review-MT">[https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/alesis-quadrasynth/7752# Music Technology, April 1994 - "Alesis Quadrasynth" review, "Hard fax"]</ref> It features a 16 MB Wave ROM, storing high quality uncompressed sounds at 48 kHz.

The keyboard version features 76 keys with velocity and aftertouch and an amber screen, the module version is 1u tall, full width (19") and is rather light, it also features Alesis ADAT inputs and outputs accessible via optical ports. It could have possibly been used to interface with ADAT equipment of the time. This model and the [[S4 Plus]] also use the 9V AC 4-pin DIN port for power delivery. For more information, please see our [[Power_supplies#Non-standard_AC_power_inputs|power supplies article]].

The name "Quadrasynth" was likely chosen as they have previously used the "Quadra" moniker for their Quadraverb lines of effect units, but also possibly because there are up to four elements that can make a program, and there are four knobs featured on the front panel that lets you modify parameters with ease.

Internally the keyboard seems to be referred to as the '''S5''' - it is similar to the module version (the S4), however it incorporates mechanisms designed for keyboards such as the keybed, bender wheels, aftertouch sensors and more.<ref>There exists a manual online that refers to it as the S5, as well as emagic's SoundDiver utility referring it as the S5</ref>

For the time it ended up gathering favourable reviews from publications, citing its easy-to-use interface, multitimbrality, expandability and large (for the time) 64-voice polyphony being obvious positives, with the filter being cited as a downside. Uniquely, or perhaps as to be expected with Alesis products of the time, the user interface itself is unconventional - rather than relying on a character display like the [[Roland U-20|U-20]] and [[Roland JV-80|JV-80]], or a fully dot matrix display like the [[Roland XV-5080|XV-5080]] or the [[Korg M1]]'s, they opted to use a custom LCD that has a dot matrix display for patch names, with the bottom section being entirely dedicated to displaying bespoke elements that can be highlighted.[[File:Alesis-S4plus-Display.jpg|315px|thumb|right|Picture of Alesis S4 Plus's display in editing mode, showing most of the individual segments as active. Take note that the currently selected menu is underlined.]]

All the models feature a compliment of MIDI IN/OUT/THRU ports, as well as a digital output, a 48khz clock sync input, 2 pairs of outputs, PCMCIA expansion and a headphone jack. Depending on the model, the power input can be a 3-pin kettle lead type (similar to PC power supplies and other home appliances), or a special 4-pin DIN that delivers 9V AC power.

The keyboard version features in addition to these a complement of sustain and expression pedal inputs, which are missing from the module version as they are irrelevant there.

The Quadrasynth and S4 modules shipped with two built-in demo songs - "Cyberfunk" and "Bach's Bad Dream (with apologies to J.S. Bach's Prelude in Am)", both sequenced by Stephen Kay.<ref>Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Manual, page 12 - "Playing the Demo Sequence"</ref>

== Synthesis ==
The QS Composite Synthesis standard is used across every Alesis Quadrasynth and QS line of products, it is comprised of 64 total voices, with each note being able to use up to four. This is comparable to the [[:Category:Korg_ai²_devices|Korg ai²]] in terms of features, and to the [[Roland JV-1080]] in terms of voice count and the voices-per-note figure.

The filter employed is a non-resonant type similar to the one on the Korg M1 or the Korg 01/W. To compensate for this, on-board waveforms feature multisamples with various resonance levels, which can be assigned to different velocity levels or pitches depending on the patch that is designed.

Each voice has access to an amplitude envelope and LFO, a filter section (with LFO and EG), a pitch modulation section, as well as a modulation matrix specific to that voice. These are then fed to an effects section - four buses are available, but the way these are organised and routed depend on the selected layout.

=== Effects ===
All effects information was collected with help from the manuals, as well as emagic's SoundDiver 3.0 software.

==== Configuration #1 - 4 sends, 1 reverb ====
4 FX sends are available in this mode - the first three sends each have their own independent pitch unit that controls chorus and/or flanging. Afterwards, each of the 4 sends has their own delays, which can have their own independent delay and feedback time. These can all be routed to the singular reverb unit in this mode, if desired. The pitch mode can all be changed independently, but only the first two delay instances can be changed, while the latter 2 are locked to "Mono Delay"

==== Configuration #2 - 4 sends, 2 reverbs ====
4 FX sends are available in this mode, but only the first send has a delay unit, which is hard-set to Mono Delay. Two pitch units exist, one on FX send 1 and one on FX send 3, with only the first one being modifiable from "Mono Chorus". FX1 & 2 get summed up towards Reverb 1, and FX3 & 4 get summed up towards Reverb 2, both which are fully configurable.

==== Configuration #3 - 4 sends, 1 lezlie (sic) ====
4 FX sends are available in this mode - it is set up similarly to Configuration #1, however the first pitch unit is replaced with a Leslie simulation.

==== Configuration #4 - 2 sends, with EQ ====
2 FX sends are avaliable in this mode - each going through one pitch unit, and then one delay unit - fully modifiable. Both get summed up into a reverb, which is also fully modifiable, which then gets output to a 2-band shelving EQ.

=== Behind The Scenes ===

According to an interview with Marcus Ryle, one of the designers behind the Quadrasynth architecture, he stated he had wanted to create a synthesizer that is simple to understand and edit, but can be quite complex.<ref name="marcus-designing-qs">[https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/marcus-ryle-designing-the-alesis-quadrasynth/10623# Sound on Sound, June 1993 issue - Marcus Ryle: Designing the Alesis Quadrasynth]</ref> In the article, it's also noted that the reason filters are non-resonant was to achieve a higher polyphony count of 64 voices, and that the design philosophy was largely inspired by the team's prior work on various Oberheim products, like the Oberheim Matrix synths, and who have also worked on the SampleCell format.

It is easy to see some of these aspects in the final product: The bespoke LCD that makes editing easier than it would be on a 2-line unit, the quad knobs that allow for easy sound manipulation, or the variety of modulation options - all cited as points the team wanted to achieve with their design. Even the design of the Alesis S4 module bears some resemblence to the Oberheim Matrix 1000.

Much like how they reused technology from their effects unit of the time, Alesis would also end up using many of the sounds they recorded and produced for their drum machine lines of products (like the Alesis D4) as a basis for the kits available on the Quadrasynth.

=== Terminology ===
The Quadrasynth line divide their sounds into three different types:
* '''Mixes''', which comprise of multiple programs playing concurrently, similar to Combi mode on Korg synthesizers or Performance mode on Roland products.
* '''Programs''', which can comprise of up to four different voices. This is similar to the Prog mode on Korg synths, and the Patch mode on Roland products.
* '''Voices''', which can be assigned a waveform, envelopes, filter cutoff, and so on. Similar to what a "Tone" is on Roland products.

== Oddities ==
* Using '''CC#0''', also known as Bank change MSB will not change the bank between the user bank and the factory bank. This is fixed for the plus models.
* You could upgrade from the original model to the plus model via a slot-in card inside the unit, which was way cheaper compared to buying a new synth. This was labeled as a v2.0 upgrade in some publications, as well as in the Plus manuals.
* While the officially released expansion cards will work with any Quadrasynth or QS unit, on these original models you need to copy the card contents into the user memory, wiping out any custom patches or mixes one may have made. This is not the case with any of the later units.
* While PCMCIA cards were common back then, only specific cards will work with Alesis synths - it requires a specific generation of Linear Flash memory. Normally these synths can only read up to 8 megabits, although with mods it may be able to read beyond that.<ref name="pcmcia">[https://benweaver.info/alesis/# Ben Weaver's info site about PCMCIA cards].</ref> For more information please check the [[Alesis PCMCIA]] article.
* Alesis devices of the time employed the use of '''BR2325''' batteries. If replacing a battery, one can instead solder a CR2032 battery holder in its place and use a CR2032 battery inside with no issues. For more information please consult the [[Replacing backup batteries#Alesis QuadraSynth| replacing backup batteries]] article.
* Although rare, the Quadrasynth can display quasi-error codes. For example, if there is no battery detected (or if the battery failed), it would not boot up, instead displaying a screen with all segments turned on, except the indicators for MIDI channels 1-5 and the MIX program number would read "_3".

== References ==

<references />
[[Category:Alesis Quadrasynth devices]]

Category:In-line icon templates

2025-10-13T19:28:13Z

MelonadeM: correction

This category is solely used to denote in-line icons. The following icons are available, with more planned on an as-needed basis:

==Power delivery icons==
* {{Center Negative}} and {{Center Positive}} are used to denote the polarity of a DC connection. They will both link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use them, simply embed them via <nowiki>{{Center Negative}} or {{Center Positive}}</nowiki> respectively alongside text.
* {{DC Jack}}, although not very clear, can be used to denote barrel-style connectors, most commonly used for DC connections. Rarely used for AC connections as well. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{DC Jack}}</nowiki>. Name and icon are subject to change in the future. This does not link anywhere as it may be used for both DC and AC connections.
* {{Hard-Wired}} is used to denote units that are permanently attached to a power cord. Please note that this is a generic depiction and is not intended to denote any particular region. If a unit is region-specific, please denote this accordingly. It will also link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{Hard-Wired}}</nowiki>.
* {{IEC 2-pin Icon}} and {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} are AC connections. If a device uses either then please also describe if it is universal power (i.e. it doesn't matter which region it is used in) or if it is region-specific (i.e. it requires a transformer to use outside a certain region). It will also link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use these, simply embed via <nowiki>{{IEC 2-pin Icon}} or {{IEC 3-pin Icon}}</nowiki> respectively.
* {{USB Type-B}} denotes a USB Type-B port. This does not link anywhere as it may be used as either for power delivery or only for data transmission. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{USB Type-B}}</nowiki>.
(to do: batteries)

==Transmission icons==
(RCA, 1/4" jacks, optical, digital coaxial, xlr)
(MIDI, Serial, other USBs)
* {{USB Type-B}} denotes a USB Type-B port. This does not link anywhere as it may be used as either for power delivery or only for data transmission. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{USB Type-B}}</nowiki>.

[[Category:In-line icon templates]]

Roland-ED SC-8820

2025-10-13T19:25:11Z

MelonadeM:

{{stub}}

{{Infobox module
| name = Roland-ED SC-8820
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 203 × 35 × 159<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs>Roland-ED SC-8850 Owner's Manual, page 186.</ref>
| rackunits = (not a rack unit, fits in 1U)
| type = GM/GM2/GS sound module
| manufacturer = Roland-ED
| releasedate = 1999
| standards = [[General MIDI]]<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs /> [[General MIDI 2]] [[Roland GS]]<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs />
| maxpoly = 64<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs />
| numparts = 32<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs /><ref group="infobox">32 parts only available via USB or serial, 16 parts available via MIDI DIN</ref>
| numpresets = 1608<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs />
| drumpresets = 63<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs />
| effects = Reverb (8 types)<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs /> Chorus (8 types)<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs /> Delay (10 types)<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs /> 2-band EQ<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs /> Insertion/EFX (64 types)<ref name=sc-8820-manual-specs />
| predecessor = [[Roland SC-88 Pro]]
| power = Both USB Bus Power {{USB Type-B}} and 9V DC {{DC Jack}} {{Center Negative}} supported.
| battery = None, uses non-volatile flash memory for saving/loading
| successor = [[Roland-ED SC-D70]]
| notes = <references group="infobox" />
}}
The '''Roland-ED SC-8820''' is a [[General MIDI 2]] and [[Roland GS]] synthesizer in the [[Roland Sound Canvas|Sound Canvas]] series, released by Roland in 1999, alongside the more powerful [[Roland-ED SC-8850|SC-8850]]. The SC-8820 is essentially a simplified SC-8850, designed to be mostly compatible with it, but with less waveforms (so not sounding identical), half the number of parts, half the maximum polyphony, and no display or panel controls. Like the SC-8850, it is an upgrade relative to the [[Roland SC-88 Pro]], though as it lacks a display or controls, it is perhaps better compared to the SC-88''ST'' Pro.

The [[Roland-ED SC-D70]], released in 2000, improves on the SC-8820 by adding digital audio and USB audio interface features.

[[Roland Sound Canvas VA]], released in 2015, is a VST instrument based on the SC-8820. This version was first released standalone, then included with the Roland Cloud subscription service. This iteration is further limited to only 16 parts. This was discontinued on the 1st of September 2024, where it was officially no longer available for purchase.

== Quirks ==
The SC-8820 and its variants (e.g., SK-500, SC-D70, and SOUND Canvas VA) have some quirks:

* When panning is set to random and a note is interrupted by another note (e.g., with Mono mode enabled), the new note's panning will inherit that of the previous note instead of being randomized. This issue does not occur in the SC-88 Pro and earlier models.

[[File:ASUKA_88_SC-8820.ogg|thumb|ASUKA_88.mid clip with SC-8820]]
[[File:ASUKA_88_SC-D70.ogg|thumb|ASUKA_88.mid clip with SC-D70]]
[[File:ASUKA_88_SCVA.ogg|thumb|ASUKA_88.mid clip with SOUND Canvas VA]]
[[File:ASUKA_88_SC-88Pro.ogg|thumb|ASUKA_88.mid clip with SC-88 Pro]]
[[File:ASUKA_88_SC-88VL.ogg|thumb|ASUKA_88.mid clip with SC-88 VL]]

* When receiving a "Reset All Controllers" (CC#121) control change, the SC-8820 and its variants do not reset NRPN controllers. This issue does not occur in the SOUND Canvas VA, SC-88 Pro, and earlier models.

* The SC-8820 emulates the SC-55's note choking behavior when the SC-55 map is selected, which Sound Canvas VA does not emulate.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SC-8820_OM.pdf Roland-ED SC-8820 Owner's Manual]

[[Category:Roland Sound Canvas devices]]
[[Category:Roland GS devices]]
[[Category:General MIDI 2 devices]]

Roland SC-88 Pro

2025-10-13T19:17:22Z

MelonadeM:

:''Not to be confused with the [[Roland SC-88]].''

{{Infobox module
| name = Roland SC-88 Pro
| image = {{Photo wanted}}
| dimensions = 218 × 72 × 250<ref name=88pro-specs>Roland SC-88 Pro Owner's Manual, final page.</ref>
| rackunits = ~1.6U, half-width
| type = GM/GS sound module
| manufacturer = Roland
| releasedate = 1996
| standards = [[Roland GS]]<ref name=88pro-specs></ref> [[General MIDI]]<ref name=88pro-specs></ref>
| maxpoly = 64<ref name=88pro-specs></ref>
| numparts = 32<ref name=88pro-specs></ref>
| numpresets = 1117<ref name=88pro-specs></ref>
| drumpresets = 42<ref name=88pro-specs></ref>
| effects = Reverb, Chorus, Delay, 2-band EQ, Insertion effects<ref name=88pro-specs></ref> (EFX)
| power = Hard-wired {{Hard-Wired}} Region-dependent 16W draw
| battery = 3V CR2032
| predecessor = [[Roland SC-88]]
| successor = [[Roland-ED SC-8850]], [[Roland-ED SC-8820|SC-8820]]
}}
The '''Roland SC-88 Pro''' is a [[Roland GS]] and [[General MIDI]] sound module in the [[Roland Sound Canvas|Sound Canvas]] series, introduced by Roland in 1996. It retained the same form factor and design as the [[Roland SC-88]], while making the following significant upgrades:

* A new insertion/EFX effects unit was added alongside the existing reverb, chorus, delay and EQ units, allowing use of effects like distortion, compression and more on a per-part basis
* Many new sounds and drumkits were added, including new versions of capital (GM) tones
* The SC-88 and SC-55 sound maps were retained, and it is possible to switch back and forth between SC-55, SC-88 and SC-88 Pro maps on a per-part basis

The SC-88 Pro was succeeded by the [[Roland-ED SC-8850]], released in 1999.

== Variants ==

=== Roland SK-88 Pro ===
[[File:Roland-SK88-Pro-Front.jpg|320px|thumb|left]]

The '''Roland SK-88 Pro''' is a variant of the SC-88 Pro released in 1997, presented as a velocity sensitive 37-note keyboard synthesizer, and uses a barrel jack 9V DC power input unlike its desktop module counterpart. While containing much of the same interface as the SC-88Pro, moved around to accommodate the new form factor, the SK-88 Pro also adds 3 new assignable knobs and a fader.<ref name=sk88pro-manual></ref>

The keyboard itself features a modulation/pitch bend stick, an octave shift function (that goes up to 4 in both directions)<ref name=sk88pro-manual>SK-88 Pro's Owner Manual, pg. 35</ref> and has the notes and their proper octave marked over the keybed (from C3 to C6), as well as additional control configuration also as labelled.

===Roland SC-88ST Pro ===
Much like the [[Roland SC-88#Variants|Roland SC-88ST]], the '''Roland SC-88ST Pro''' is a shorter 1U rack height variant of the SC-88 Pro without a display or much of the face buttons/interface, as well as featuring a 9V DC power input instead of a built in power supply like the original model.

=== Roland SC-880 ===
The '''Roland SC-880''' is a rackmount variant of SC-88 Pro. While it has the features of SC-88 Pro, it also uniquely has a patch mode where up to six tones can be played at once.<ref> [https://archive.org/details/manual_SC880_OM_ROLAND_EN Roland SC-880 Owner's Manual], page 20</ref>

==Oddities==
* Some notes of the Piano 1 preset are very slightly detuned. This is only documented on the original SC-88 Pro. It has been seemingly corrected on later models like the 88ST Pro and the SK-88 Pro.
[[File:88pro-piano.mp3|thumb|right|Preview piano sequence, as heard on SC-88 Pro]]
[[File:88st-pro-piano.mp3|thumb|right|Preview piano sequence, as heard on SC-88st Pro]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SC-88PRO_OM.pdf Roland SC-88 Pro Owner's Manual]
* [https://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SK-88PRO_OM.pdf Roland SK-88 Pro Owner's Manual]

[[Category:Roland Sound Canvas devices]]
[[Category:General MIDI devices]]
[[Category:Roland GS devices]]

Roland SC-88

2025-10-13T19:16:23Z

MelonadeM:

:''Not to be confused with the [[Roland SC-88 Pro]].''


{{Infobox module
| name = Roland SC-88
| image = [[File:Roland-SC88-Front.jpg|320px]]
| dimensions = 218 × 72 × 250<ref name=88-specs>Roland SC-88 Owner's Manual, page 7 - 40.</ref>
| rackunits = ~1.6U, half-width
| type = GM/GS sound module
| manufacturer = Roland
| releasedate = 1994
| standards = [[Roland GS]]<ref name=88-specs></ref> [[General MIDI]]<ref name=88-specs></ref>
| maxpoly = 64<ref name=88-specs></ref>
| numparts = 32<ref name=88-specs></ref>
| numpresets = 654<ref name=88-specs></ref>
| drumpresets = 24<ref name=88-specs></ref>
| effects = Reverb, Chorus, Delay, 2-band EQ<ref name=88-specs></ref>
| power = Hard-wired {{Hard-Wired}} Region-dependent 14W (117V), 18W (230V and 240V)
| battery = 3V CR2032
| predecessor = [[Roland SC-55]]
| successor = [[Roland SC-88 Pro]]
}}
The '''Roland SC-88''' is a [[Roland GS]] and [[General MIDI]] sound module in the [[Roland Sound Canvas|Sound Canvas]] series, introduced by Roland in 1994. It introduced several major upgrades over the SC-55:

* Maximum polyphony more than doubled from 24/28 to 64 voices
* Number of parts doubled from 16 to 32 (two MIDI inputs)
* A separate delay effect unit was added (independent from the reverb and chorus units, which already could do some delay effects), allowing use of delay simultaneously to reverb and chorus
* A two-band equalizer effect was added
* Many new sounds and drumkits were added, including new versions of capital (GM) tones
* A mostly-accurate copy of the SC-55 sounds was included, and it is possible to switch back and forth between SC-55 and SC-88 maps on a per-part basis
* "User Instruments" and "User Drum Sets" were introduced. These allow saving tweaks made to a part (e.g. attack and release edits) to the internal memory as an separate "instrument", which can then be selected later via the panel controls or via MIDI, as if it were an (unmodified) built-in instrument.<ref>Roland SC-88 Owner's Manual, pages 4 - 2 and 4 - 5.</ref>

It also marked a change in form factor, with the unit height increasing to accommodate additional controls and a built-in AC power supply.

A major upgrade to the SC-88, the [[Roland SC-88 Pro]], was released in 1996.

== Variants ==

=== Roland SC-88VL ===
[[File:Roland SC-88VL white front.jpg|320px|thumb|right|Roland SC-88VL (white version) immediately after being powered on.]]

The '''Roland SC-88VL''' is a variant of the SC-88 that has the same 1U rack height as earlier Sound Canvases (it looks very similar to the [[Roland SC-55]]). This reduced height means it lacks some of the new panel controls, and in particular, does not feature the ability to create User Instruments or User Drum Sets via the panel controls. However, they can still be created via MIDI, so it is fully compatible with MIDI data created for the SC-88.<ref>Roland SC-88VL Owner's Manual, page 82.</ref>

The other notable difference is that the SC-88VL has a barrel jack 9V DC power input, whereas the SC-88 has an integrated AC power supply with a hardwired cable and fixed voltage. This means the SC-88VL is more practical to import from a different region, as no step-up or step-down transformer or AC plug adapter is required, just an off-the-shelf 9V power supply. See the [[Power supplies]] help page for more information.

=== Roland SC-88ST ===

The '''Roland SC-88ST''' is a variant of the SC-88 that lacks panel controls or a display, is reduced to 1U rack height, and uses a barrel jack 9V DC power input.

== Quirks ==

=== CM-64 (MT-32) bank selection ===

The [[Roland SC-55]] included banks of presets compatible with the [[Roland CM-64]] ([[Roland CM-32L]]/[[Roland MT-32]] + [[Roland CM-32P]]). These are available on the SC-88 as well. However, they are only included as part of the SC-55 map, not the SC-88 map. This means that when the SC-88 is set to the SC-88 map, playing a song written for the SC-55 that uses these instruments will sound wrong, with the instruments missing! This can be fixed in two ways:

* When playing back an existing song, this can be avoided by setting the SC-88 to the SC-55 map before playing: press the "ALL" button if it is not already lit, then press the "SC-55 MAP" button if it is not already lit.
* When creating your own MIDI data for the SC-88, make sure the "Bank Select LSB" for any CM-64 parts is set to "1". This tells the SC-88 to use the SC-55 map. The SC-55 simply ignores this, so you can safely add it to SC-55 MIDI data.

This problem was fixed in the SC-88's successor, the SC-88 Pro.

=== Multi-port MIDI data ===
The SC-88 has 32 parts accessible from two MIDI input ports, which introduces new compatibility issues not present on the SC-55, which only had 16 parts:

* Some MIDI files don't contain the correct information telling the MIDI player which tracks should be sent to which port. This can cause the tracks to be sent to the wrong port, which may sound wrong.
* It usually does not matter which output from your MIDI player is connected to which input port on the SC-88. However, there is a SysEx message, "CHANNEL MSG RX PORT", that tells the SC-88 to receive MIDI data for a part from a specific port. Unlike other SysEx messages, the port in this message does not get automatically swapped if it is sent to a different port than intended. Therefore, MIDI files which use this message can sound wrong if the first MIDI output in your MIDI player is connected to port B of the SC-88 rather than port A (perhaps vice-versa in rare cases). The SC-88 has an "In Mode" setting that allows swapping ports A and B,<ref>Roland SC-88 Owner's Manual, page 2 - 27.</ref> which means this can be fixed without needing to physically swap cables:
[[File:SC-88VL InMode settings.gif|framed|"In Mode" settings on an SC-88VL.|none]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SC-88_OM.pdf Roland SC-88 Owner's Manual]
* [https://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/SC-88VL_OM.pdf Roland SC-88VL Owner's Manual]

[[Category:Roland Sound Canvas devices]]
[[Category:General MIDI devices]]
[[Category:Roland GS devices]]

Template:IEC 3-pin Icon

2025-10-13T19:10:01Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:IEC 3-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Kettle_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C13/C14)|IEC 60320 Type C13/C14 (Kettle Lead)]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:IEC 3-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Kettle_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C13/C14)|IEC 60320 Type C13/C14 (Kettle Lead)]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized IEC 3-pin icon [[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:IEC 2-pin Icon

2025-10-13T19:09:05Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:IEC 2-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Figure-8_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C7/C8)|IEC 60320 Type C7/C8 (Figure-8 Lead)]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:IEC 2-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Figure-8_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C7/C8)|IEC 60320 Type C7/C8 (Figure-8 Lead)]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized figure-8/IEC 2-pin icon [[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Hard-Wired

2025-10-13T19:08:23Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:Power plug.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Hard-wired_units|Hard-wired unit]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Power plug.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Hard-wired_units|Hard-wired unit]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized power plug icon for hard-wired units.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:DC Jack

2025-10-13T19:07:52Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=|Barrel Jack]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=|Barrel Jack]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized barrel jack icon, Be sure to follow it with either {{Center_Negative}} or {{Center_Positive}}, or AC information if it is not a DC connection.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:DC Jack

2025-10-13T19:07:30Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=|Barrel Jack]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized barrel jack icon, Be sure to follow it with either {{Center_Negative}} or {{Center_Positive}}, or AC information if it is not a DC connection.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Center Positive

2025-10-13T19:06:37Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:Center Positive.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible|Center Positive DC]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Center Positive.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible|Center Positive DC]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center positive icon.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Center Negative

2025-10-13T19:06:16Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:Center Negative.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible|Center Negative DC]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Center Negative.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible|Center Negative DC]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center negative icon.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Category:In-line icon templates

2025-10-13T19:03:37Z

MelonadeM: Created page with "This category is solely used to denote in-line icons. The following icons are available, with more planned on an as-needed basis: ==Power delivery icons== * {{Center Negative}} and {{Center Positive}} are used to denote the polarity of a DC connection. They will both link to the respective section on the Power supplies article. To use them, simply embed them via <nowiki>{{Center Negative}} or {{Center Positive}}</nowiki> respectively alongside text. * {{DC Jack}}..."

This category is solely used to denote in-line icons. The following icons are available, with more planned on an as-needed basis:

==Power delivery icons==
* {{Center Negative}} and {{Center Positive}} are used to denote the polarity of a DC connection. They will both link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use them, simply embed them via <nowiki>{{Center Negative}} or {{Center Positive}}</nowiki> respectively alongside text.
* {{DC Jack}}, although not very clear, can be used to denote barrel-style connectors, most commonly used for DC connections. Rarely used for AC connections as well. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{DC Jack}}</nowiki>. Name and icon are subject to change in the future. This does not link anywhere as it may be used as either for power delivery or only for data transmission.
* {{Hard-Wired}} is used to denote units that are permanently attached to a power cord. Please note that this is a generic depiction and is not intended to denote any particular region. If a unit is region-specific, please denote this accordingly. It will also link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{Hard-Wired}}</nowiki>.
* {{IEC 2-pin Icon}} and {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} are AC connections. If a device uses either then please also describe if it is universal power (i.e. it doesn't matter which region it is used in) or if it is region-specific (i.e. it requires a transformer to use outside a certain region). It will also link to the respective section on the [[Power supplies]] article. To use these, simply embed via <nowiki>{{IEC 2-pin Icon}} or {{IEC 3-pin Icon}}</nowiki> respectively.
* {{USB Type-B}} denotes a USB Type-B port. This does not link anywhere as it may be used as either for power delivery or only for data transmission. To use this, simply embed via <nowiki>{{USB Type-B}}</nowiki>.
(to do: batteries)

==Transmission icons==
(RCA, 1/4" jacks, optical, digital coaxial, xlr)
(MIDI, Serial, USB)

[[Category:In-line icon templates]]

Template:USB Type-B

2025-10-13T18:49:16Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:USB Type-B.svg|16px|link=]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:USB Type-B.svg|16px|link=]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized USB Type-B icon.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:IEC 2-pin Icon

2025-10-13T18:47:46Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:IEC 2-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Figure-8_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C7/C8)]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:IEC 2-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Figure-8_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C7/C8)]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized figure-8/IEC 2-pin icon [[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Center Negative

2025-10-13T18:47:27Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:Center Negative.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Center Negative.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center negative icon.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Center Positive

2025-10-13T18:47:07Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:Center Positive.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Center Positive.svg|48px|link=Power_supplies#What_makes_a_power_supply_compatible]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center positive icon.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:DC Jack

2025-10-13T18:46:26Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized DC jack icon, Be sure to follow it with either {{Center_Negative}} or {{Center_Positive}}.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:Hard-Wired

2025-10-13T18:45:46Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:Power plug.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Hard-wired_units]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Power plug.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Hard-wired_units]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized power plug icon.[[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:IEC 3-pin Icon

2025-10-13T18:45:30Z

MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:IEC 3-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Kettle_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C13/C14)]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:IEC 3-pin.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Kettle_leads_(IEC_60320_Type_C13/C14)]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized IEC 3-pin icon [[Category:In-line icon templates]]</noinclude>

Template:IEC 2-pin Icon

2025-10-13T18:44:32Z

MelonadeM: category

Template:IEC 3-pin Icon

2025-10-13T18:44:04Z

MelonadeM: category for in-line icons

General MIDI

2025-10-13T16:44:47Z

MelonadeM:

[[File:General MIDI.svg|200px|right|thumb|The original General MIDI logo, used for GM 1 devices.]]
[[File:General MIDI 2.svg|200px|right|thumb|The [[General MIDI 2]] logo, used for GM 2 devices.]]
'''General MIDI''' ('''GM''') is a series of standards defining a minimum set of features for MIDI-controlled synthesizers.

The original and most widely-used version is '''General MIDI 1''' ('''GM 1'''), more formally '''General MIDI System Level 1''', first published in 1991. Most references to "General MIDI" or "GM" without further explanation refer to this version.

There are several standards extending GM 1:

* [[Roland GS]] (first released 1991), Roland's proprietary extension
* [[Yamaha XG]] (first released 1994), Yamaha's proprietary extension
* [[General MIDI 2]] (first released 1999), the official successor incorporating some features of GS and XG

There is also [[General MIDI Lite]], first published in 2004. This is a subset of the original standard intended for cellphone ringtones and similar applications.

The remainder of this page is only concerned with GM 1.

== General requirements ==

A General MIDI-compliant sound generator must meet the following requirements:<ref name=gm1-p2>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 2</ref>

{| class="wikitable
! Synthesis technology
| No requirement (up to the manufacturer)
|-
! Available polyphony
| 24 voices (melody and percussion) ''or'' 16 voices (melody) + 8 voices (percussion)
|-
! Polyphony allocation
| Dynamic
|-
! Channels
| All 16
|-
! Channels are polyphonic
| Yes
|-
! Key-based percussion
| Always on channel 10
|-
! Minimum instrument presets
| 128 ([[#Sound_Set|GM Sound Set]])
|-
! Minimum percussion presets
| 47 ([[#Percussion_Map|GM Percussion Map]])
|}

Additionally, a General MIDI-compliant sound generator is recommended to have:<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>

* A master volume control
* A MIDI input
* Left and right audio outputs for stereo
* Headphones connectors

General MIDI does not require a specific type of synthesis and leaves the specifics of how things sound up to the manufacturer. The names of instruments in the Sound Set and Percussion Map are guidelines.<ref name=gm1-p7>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 7</ref>

The requirements of the General MIDI specification only apply when the sound generator is in General MIDI mode.<ref>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 1</ref>

== MIDI implementation ==

General MIDI requires that:<ref name=gm1-p2>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 2</ref>

* MIDI note/key number 60 is Middle C
* Velocity is supported for all voices, including for percussion
* Voices are dynamically allocated
** Notes can re-attack, including for percussion
* Channel Pressure (Channel Aftertouch) is supported
* Pitch Bend is supported

The default settings on each channel must be:<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Pitch bend
| 0
|-
! Volume
| 100 (127 is the max volume)
|-
! Controllers
| "normal"
|-
! Pitch bend sensitivity
| ±2 semitones
|}

The following Control Change messages must be supported:<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Ctrl # || Controller name
|-
| 1 || Modulation
|-
| 7 || Volume
|-
| 10 || Pan
|-
| 11 || Expression
|-
| 64 || Sustain
|-
| 121 || Reset All Controllers
|-
| 123 || All Notes Off
|}

The following Registered Parameters must be supported:<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! RPN || Description
|-
| 0 || Pitch Bend Sensitivity
|-
| 1 || Fine Tuning
|-
| 2 || Coarse Tuning
|}

See [[GM–GS–XG quick reference]] for a comparison with GS and XG.

== SysEx messages ==

General MIDI defines two System Exclusive messages:<ref name=gm1-p6>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 6</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Message || Name
|-
| <tt>F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7</tt>
| Turn General MIDI System On
|-
| <tt>F0 7E 7F 09 02 F7</tt>
| Turn General MIDI System Off
|}

The third byte (underlined) in both messages is a device ID. It is usually 7F for "broadcast".<ref name=gm1-p6></ref> The "System Off" message is only meaningful for devices that also have a non-General MIDI Mode.<ref name=gm1-p6></ref>

The "General MIDI System On" message is often called a "General MIDI Reset".

== Sound Set ==

For channels other than channel 10, General MIDI defines a set of 128 sounds that can be selected with Program Change messages. The sounds are divided into 16 groups, as follows:<ref>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 5, tables 1 and 2</ref>

<div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;">

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Piano
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|1||Acoustic Grand Piano
|-
|2||Bright Acoustic Piano
|-
|3||Electric Grand Piano
|-
|4||Honky-tonk Piano
|-
|5||Electric Piano 1
|-
|6||Electric Piano 2
|-
|7||Harpsichord
|-
|8||Clavi
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Chromatic Percussion
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|9||Celesta
|-
|10||Glockenspiel
|-
|11||Music Box
|-
|12||Vibraphone
|-
|13||Marimba
|-
|14||Xylophone
|-
|15||Tubular Bells
|-
|16||Dulcimer
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Organ
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|17||Drawbar Organ
|-
|18||Percussive Organ
|-
|19||Rock Organ
|-
|20||Church Organ
|-
|21||Reed Organ
|-
|22||Accordion
|-
|23||Harmonica
|-
|24||Tango Accordion
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Guitar
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|25||Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
|-
|26||Acoustic Guitar (steel)
|-
|27||Electric Guitar (jazz)
|-
|28||Electric Guitar (clean)
|-
|29||Electric Guitar (muted)
|-
|30||Overdriven Guitar
|-
|31||Distortion Guitar
|-
|32||Guitar harmonics
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Bass
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|33||Acoustic Bass
|-
|34||Electric Bass (finger)
|-
|35||Electric Bass (pick)
|-
|36||Fretless Bass
|-
|37||Slap Bass 1
|-
|38||Slap Bass 2
|-
|39||Synth Bass 1
|-
|40||Synth Bass 2
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Strings
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|41||Violin
|-
|42||Viola
|-
|43||Cello
|-
|44||Contrabass
|-
|45||Tremolo Strings
|-
|46||Pizzicato Strings
|-
|47||Orchestral Harp
|-
|48||Timpani
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Ensemble
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|49||String Ensemble 1
|-
|50||String Ensemble 2
|-
|51||SynthStrings 1
|-
|52||SynthStrings 2
|-
|53||Choir Aahs
|-
|54||Voice Oohs
|-
|55||Synth Voice
|-
|56||Orchestra Hit
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Brass
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|57||Trumpet
|-
|58||Trombone
|-
|59||Tuba
|-
|60||Muted Trumpet
|-
|61||French Horn
|-
|62||Brass Section
|-
|63||SynthBrass 1
|-
|64||SynthBrass 2
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Reed
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|65||Soprano Sax
|-
|66||Alto Sax
|-
|67||Tenor Sax
|-
|68||Baritone Sax
|-
|69||Oboe
|-
|70||English Horn
|-
|71||Bassoon
|-
|72||Clarinet
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Pipe
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|73||Piccolo
|-
|74||Flute
|-
|75||Recorder
|-
|76||Pan Flute
|-
|77||Blown Bottle
|-
|78||Shakuhachi
|-
|79||Whistle
|-
|80||Ocarina
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Synth Lead
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|81||Lead 1 (square)
|-
|82||Lead 2 (sawtooth)
|-
|83||Lead 3 (calliope)
|-
|84||Lead 4 (chiff)
|-
|85||Lead 5 (charang)
|-
|86||Lead 6 (voice)
|-
|87||Lead 7 (fifths)
|-
|88||Lead 8 (bass + lead)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Synth Pad
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|89||Pad 1 (new age)
|-
|90||Pad 2 (warm)
|-
|91||Pad 3 (polysynth)
|-
|92||Pad 4 (choir)
|-
|93||Pad 5 (bowed)
|-
|94||Pad 6 (metallic)
|-
|95||Pad 7 (halo)
|-
|96||Pad 8 (sweep)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Synth Effects
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|97||FX 1 (rain)
|-
|98||FX 2 (soundtrack)
|-
|99||FX 3 (crystal)
|-
|100||FX 4 (atmosphere)
|-
|101||FX 5 (brightness)
|-
|102||FX 6 (goblins)
|-
|103||FX 7 (echoes)
|-
|104||FX 8 (sci-fi)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Ethnic
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|105||Sitar
|-
|106||Banjo
|-
|107||Shamisen
|-
|108||Koto
|-
|109||Kalimba
|-
|110||Bag pipe
|-
|111||Fiddle
|-
|112||Shanai
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Percussive
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|113||Tinkle Bell
|-
|114||Agogo
|-
|115||Steel Drums
|-
|116||Woodblock
|-
|117||Taiko Drum
|-
|118||Melodic Tom
|-
|119||Synth Drum
|-
|120||Reverse Cymbal
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em; width: 100%; max-width: 15em;"
|+ Sound Effects
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! Instrument
|-
|121||Guitar Fret Noise
|-
|122||Breath Noise
|-
|123||Seashore
|-
|124||Bird Tweet
|-
|125||Telephone Ring
|-
|126||Helicopter
|-
|127||Applause
|-
|128||Gunshot
|}

</div>

== Percussion Map ==

General MIDI reserves channel 10 for key-based percussion and defines a set of 47 percussion sounds that can be played with Note On/Note Off messages. The sounds are as follows:<ref>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 6, table 3</ref>

{{PercMap
|35=Acoustic Bass Drum
|36=Bass Drum 1
|37=Side Stick
|38=Acoustic Snare
|39=Hand Clap
|40=Electric Snare
|41=Low Floor Tom
|42=Closed Hi Hat
|43=High Floor Tom
|44=Pedal Hi-Hat
|45=Low Tom
|46=Open Hi-Hat
|47=Low-Mid Tom
|48=Hi Mid Tom
|49=Crash Cymbal 1
|50=High Tom
|51=Ride Cymbal 1
|52=Chinese Cymbal
|53=Ride Bell
|54=Tambourine
|55=Splash Cymbal
|56=Cowbell
|57=Crash Cymbal 2
|58=Vibraslap
|59=Ride Cymbal 2
|60=Hi Bongo
|61=Low Bongo
|62=Mute Hi Conga
|63=Open Hi Conga
|64=Low Conga
|65=High Timbale
|66=Low Timbale
|67=High Agogo
|68=Low Agogo
|69=Cabasa
|70=Maracas
|71=Short Whistle
|72=Long Whistle
|73=Short Guiro
|74=Long Guiro
|75=Claves
|76=Hi Wood Block
|77=Low Wood Block
|78=Mute Cuica
|79=Open Cuica
|80=Mute Triangle
|81=Open Triangle
}}

== References ==

<references />

== Resources ==

* [https://midi.org/general-midi The MIDI Association's page on General MIDI]
* [https://midi.org/general-midi-level-1 General MIDI System Level 1 Specification]
* [https://midi.org/developer-white-papers General MIDI System Level 1 Developer Guidelines]

Template:USB Type-B

2025-10-13T16:43:50Z

MelonadeM: Created page with "<includeonly>link=Power_supplies#USB_bus-powered_units</includeonly><noinclude>link=Power_supplies#USB_bus-powered_units Use this on pages where you need a text-sized USB Type-B icon.</noinclude>"

<includeonly>[[File:USB Type-B.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#USB_bus-powered_units]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:USB Type-B.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#USB_bus-powered_units]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized USB Type-B icon.</noinclude>

Alesis Quadrasynth Plus

2025-10-13T16:34:00Z

MelonadeM:

{{Infobox module
| name = Alesis Quadrasynth
| image = {{Photo wanted}} '''Alesis Quadrasynth + piano keyboard''' [[File:S4plus-front.jpg|320px]] '''Alesis Quadrasynth S4+ Module'''
| dimensions = 1220 × 115 × 355 (keyboard) 482 × 43 × 150 (module)
| keyboard = 76 keys
| weight = 13.6kg (keyboard) ~2kg (module)
| rackunits = 1U, full width (modules only)
| manufacturer = Alesis
| releasedate = 1995, 1996
| standards = [[General MIDI]]
| maxpoly = 64
| numparts = 16
| numpresets = '''Programs:''' 512 factory, 128 user '''Mixes:''' 400 factory, 100 user
| effects = Variable, see [[#Effects|effects]].
| expansion = 1 × [[Alesis PCMCIA]]
| battery = 3-volt BR2325
| power = IEC 3-pin {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} (keyboard) Region-specific Alesis 4-pin 9V AC (module) Any region
| predecessor = [[Alesis Quadrasynth]]
| successor = [[Alesis QS6]], [[Alesis QS7]], [[Alesis QS8]]
}}

The '''Quadrasynth Plus''' refers to an upgrade to the [[Alesis Quadrasynth]] released by Alesis in 1995. This documents both the '''Quadrasynth Plus Piano''' as well as the '''Quadrasynth S4 Plus'''.

Many of the elements from the prior synth remain intact, but the v2.0 upgrade adds a lot of new things, such as an entirely new [[General MIDI]] mode, three extra banks of non-editable preset sounds (one of which is a GM-compatible map), adds either 4MB or 8MB worth of new waveforms depending on if you're using the module or keyboard respectively, mostly located in their own wave groups<ref>Alesis Quadrasynth Plus manual, page 37 - "Overview - Chapter 4".</ref>, expands the effects section to include higher fidelity effects, as well as a new "overdrive" algorithm, new LFO shapes, the ability to change banks via the use of CC#0 (Bank MSB/Bank coarse), support for panning, and more.<ref>Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Plus manual, pages 135 onwards - "WHAT’S NEW IN THE 2.0 "PLUS" UPGRADE"</ref>

The demo tracks have been replaced as well, three new tracks and a shorter version of Bach's Bad Dream is available, albeit it seems to set the pitch bend ranges for the square lead errorenously. It is unknown if these new tracks have any names or who composed them at this time however it is likely the same person who sequenced the original two demo tracks, Stephen Kay.

== Effects ==
The Plus models take the effect configuration from the previous models, and upgrade the DSP to support higher quality effects, such as better algorithms. Most prominently this can be heard with the "Lezlie" effect, which is now in stereo rather than in mono.

==== Configuration #1 to #4 ====
Effects from the previous iteration are still present, however Configuration #1 and #3 have been changed to lock the third pitch unit into a permanent "resonant" mode, made as a concession for higher quality effects.<ref name="qsplus-effect-change">Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Plus manual, page 145 - "Effect Configurations 1 and 3, Send 3 Pitch"</ref>. Please see [[Alesis Quadrasynth#Effects|the previous effect listing]] for more information about the first four configurations.

==== Configuration #5 - Overdrive > Chorus > Delay > Reverb > Leslie ====
4 FX sends are available, but only FX1 gets access to the overdrive module, which is introduced with this upgrade. All the modules here are fully editable, and with exception to Overdrive can all be routed to any effect send (but not multiple). Terminates with an equalizer module.

== Added waveforms ==
The Plus models add an additional 8 MB (Plus Piano) or 4 MB (S4 Plus) of waveform data. Below is a table of all the new waveforms found on the S4 Plus.<ref>Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Plus manual, page 137 - "What's New in the 2.0 "Plus" Upgrade: Appendix D".</ref>

Groups denoted with an asterisk are new to the Plus models. On the S4 Plus, most of the new waveforms are either constructed from already existing ROM data (such as the "Rhythm" group), or has been specially designed for General MIDI compatibility.

{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable"
|+ style=white-space:nowrap | Notice: This is a long list, and as such has been hidden by default. Alesis Quadrasynth Plus - new waveform group list
|-
! Group
! S4 Plus - new voices
! Quadrasynth Plus Piano - new voices
|-
! Piano
| AcousPiano, BritePiano, PianoModul
| AcousPiano, BritePiano, PianoModul
|-
! Guitar
| AcoustHrm2, NylonHrm2, 6 Str Hrm2
| AcoustHrm2, NylonHrm2, 6 Str Hrm2
|-
! SndFX
| Alert, Android, Cyborg, Meteor, Supernova
| Alert, Android, Cyborg, Meteor, Supernova
|-
! Drums
| Analog Kit, Brush Kit, Tribal Kit
| Analog Kit, Brush Kit, Tribal Kit
|-
! Rhythm*
| PsiBeat 1, PsiBeat 2, PsiBeat 3, PsiBeat 4, PsiBeat 5, Kick Loop1, Kick Loop2, Kick Loop3, Kick Loop4, Kick Loop5, SnareLoop1, SnareLoop2, SnareLoop3, Backbeat, ClsdHHLoop, OpenHHLoop1, OpenHHLoop2, FootHHLoop, Ride Loop1, Ride Loop2, Ride Loop3, Tick Talk, Swingset, Bongo Loop, BlockLoop1, BlockLoop2, BlockLoop3, HiTriLpHd, HiTriLpSf, LoTriLpHd, LoTriLpSf, Tamb Loop1, Tamb Loop2, ShakerLoop, ShuflShakr, PopperLoop, BottleLoop, Motor, MiniNoizLp, HvyMetalLp, Machine Lp, Kah Loop, Bass Loop, SynBass Lp
| PsiBeat 1, PsiBeat 2, PsiBeat 3, PsiBeat 4, PsiBeat 5, Kick Loop1, Kick Loop2, Kick Loop3, Kick Loop4, Kick Loop5, SnareLoop1, SnareLoop2, SnareLoop3, Backbeat, ClsdHHLoop, OpenHHLoop1, OpenHHLoop2, FootHHLoop, Ride Loop1, Ride Loop2, Ride Loop3, Tick Talk, Swingset, Bongo Loop, BlockLoop1, BlockLoop2, BlockLoop3, HiTriLpHd, HiTriLpSf, LoTriLpHd, LoTriLpSf, Tamb Loop1, Tamb Loop2, ShakerLoop, ShuflShakr, PopperLoop, BottleLoop, Motor, MiniNoizLp, HvyMetalLp, Machine Lp, Kah Loop, Bass Loop, SynBass Lp
|-
! S4Plus*
| GrandPiano, Dark Piano, BritePiano, PianoModul, NoHamrGrnd, NoHamrBrit, VelAttkPno, VeloPiano1, VeloPiano2, PianoKnock, BrtRdsWave, DrkRdsWave, SftRdsWave, Wurlser, Wurlser V1, Wurlser V2, WurlserWav, FM Tines, Soft Tines, VelAtkTine, Vel FM Pno, Clavinet, HarpsiWave, Xylophone, Marimba Hd, Marimba Sf, MarimbaVel, Vibes, Ice Block, Brake Drum, FMTblrBell, FMTub/Null, TubulrWave, TubWv/Null, Rock Organ, Perc Organ, 16'Drawbar, 5 1/3' bar, 8' Drawbar, 4' Drawbar, 2 2/3' bar, 2' Drawbar, 1 3/5' bar, 1 1/3' bar, 1' Drawbar, Percus Wav, HollowWave, ChurchOrgn, Principale, Positive, Dulcimer, Nylon Gtr, FunkyStrat, MuteGuitar, OvrDrvGtr, FretlessBs, Orch. Hit, Bottle Blow, Sitar, Shamisen, Koto, Kalimba, Bagpipe, Taiko Drum, Fret Noise, Bird Tweet, Telephone, Applause, Gunshot
| −
|-
! QSPlus*
| −
| Piano L, Piano R, BritePno1L, BritePno1R, DarkPno1 L, DarkPno1 R, PnoKnock L, PnoKnock R, Piano Trem, El.Piano1, El.Piano2, Drawbars, Perc.Organ, Pipe Organ, Clavinet, Varimba, Fretless, BritePno2L, BritePno2R, DarkPno2 L, DarkPno2 R, BritePno3L, BritePno3R, DarkPno3 L, DarkPno3 R, TapPiano L, TapPiano R, El.Spinet1, El.Spinet2, Toy Pno L, Toy Pno R, KeyTrack1, KeyTrack2, Stretch L, Stretch R, Analog Pad
|}

== Alesis Quadrasynth Plus Piano ==
Beyond firmware, the keyboard body has been recoloured from gray to black. It and the module would also include a software called Sound Bridge, which could interface with a PCMCIA card to upload extra samples. Notably, it could load SampleCell formatted files as well.<ref name="qsplus-additions">[https://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/alesis-quadrasynth-plus# Sound on Sound, November 1995 issue].</ref><ref>Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Plus manual, page 10 - "A word about Sound Bridge"</ref> These cards could also be used to store extra programs and mixes if desired.

== Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Plus ==
Released in 1996, this is a rackmount version of the Quadrasynth Plus Piano, except it omits the extra piano sounds, for a total of 20MB of sample ROM. Software-wise, it is identical in all other respects. The QSPlus bank is absent from this model, being renamed to "S4Plus" and adding many waveforms tailored for better General MIDI compatibility.

The rackmount body itself features a few changes: "EXPANDED ROM - GENERAL MIDI" text can be found below the 8 buttons on the left, a bracket below the PAGE pair of buttons indicate that these can also increment or decrement a value by 10, the VALUE pair of buttons have a similar bracket, but for incrementing or decrementing by 1, and the logo has a fancy "Plus" handwritten on top of the logo.

== References ==

[[Category:General MIDI devices]][[Category:Alesis Quadrasynth devices]]

Alesis Quadrasynth

2025-10-13T16:33:50Z

MelonadeM:

{{Infobox module
| name = Alesis Quadrasynth
| image = {{Photo wanted}} '''Alesis Quadrasynth keyboard''' [[File:Alesis-S4-Front.jpg|320px]] '''Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Module'''
| dimensions = 1220 × 115 × 355 (keyboard) 482 × 43 × 150 (module)
| keyboard = 76 keys
| weight = 13.6kg (keyboard) ~2kg (module)
| rackunits = 1U, full width (modules only)
| manufacturer = Alesis
| releasedate = 1994
| maxpoly = 64
| numparts = 16
| numpresets = '''Programs:''' 128 factory + 128 user '''Mixes:''' 100 factory + 100 user
| expansion = 1 × [[Alesis PCMCIA]]
| battery = 3-volt BR2325
| power = IEC 3-pin {{IEC 3-pin Icon}} (keyboard) Region-specific Alesis 4-pin 9V AC (module) Any region
| effects = Variable, see [[#Effects|effects]].
| successor = [[Alesis Quadrasynth Plus]]
}}
The '''Alesis Quadrasynth''' and '''Alesis Quadrasynth S4''' are synthesizers released in 1994 by Alesis. They are the first models to incorporate the "QS Composite Synthesis" synthesis to produce sounds.<ref name="qs-review-MT">[https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/alesis-quadrasynth/7752# Music Technology, April 1994 - "Alesis Quadrasynth" review, "Hard fax"]</ref> It features a 16 MB Wave ROM, storing high quality uncompressed sounds at 48 kHz.

The keyboard version features 76 keys with velocity and aftertouch and an amber screen, the module version is 1u tall, full width (19") and is rather light, it also features Alesis ADAT inputs and outputs accessible via optical ports. It could have possibly been used to interface with ADAT equipment of the time. This model and the [[S4 Plus]] also use the 9V AC 4-pin DIN port for power delivery. For more information, please see our [[Power_supplies#Non-standard_AC_power_inputs|power supplies article]].

The name "Quadrasynth" was likely chosen as they have previously used the "Quadra" moniker for their Quadraverb lines of effect units, but also possibly because there are up to four elements that can make a program, and there are four knobs featured on the front panel that lets you modify parameters with ease.

Internally the keyboard seems to be referred to as the '''S5''' - it is similar to the module version (the S4), however it incorporates mechanisms designed for keyboards such as the keybed, bender wheels, aftertouch sensors and more.<ref>There exists a manual online that refers to it as the S5, as well as emagic's SoundDiver utility referring it as the S5</ref>

For the time it ended up gathering favourable reviews from publications, citing its easy-to-use interface, multitimbrality, expandability and large (for the time) 64-voice polyphony being obvious positives, with the filter being cited as a downside. Uniquely, or perhaps as to be expected with Alesis products of the time, the user interface itself is unconventional - rather than relying on a character display like the [[Roland U-20|U-20]] and [[Roland JV-80|JV-80]], or a fully dot matrix display like the [[Roland XV-5080|XV-5080]] or the [[Korg M1]]'s, they opted to use a custom LCD that has a dot matrix display for patch names, with the bottom section being entirely dedicated to displaying bespoke elements that can be highlighted.[[File:Alesis-S4plus-Display.jpg|315px|thumb|right|Picture of Alesis S4 Plus's display in editing mode, showing most of the individual segments as active. Take note that the currently selected menu is underlined.]]

All the models feature a compliment of MIDI IN/OUT/THRU ports, as well as a digital output, a 48khz clock sync input, 2 pairs of outputs, PCMCIA expansion and a headphone jack. Depending on the model, the power input can be a 3-pin kettle lead type (similar to PC power supplies and other home appliances), or a special 4-pin DIN that delivers 9V AC power.

The keyboard version features in addition to these a complement of sustain and expression pedal inputs, which are missing from the module version as they are irrelevant there.

The Quadrasynth and S4 modules shipped with two built-in demo songs - "Cyberfunk" and "Bach's Bad Dream (with apologies to J.S. Bach's Prelude in Am)", both sequenced by Stephen Kay.<ref>Alesis Quadrasynth S4 Manual, page 12 - "Playing the Demo Sequence"</ref>

== Synthesis ==
The QS Composite Synthesis standard is used across every Alesis Quadrasynth and QS line of products, it is comprised of 64 total voices, with each note being able to use up to four. This is comparable to the [[Korg ai2|Korg ai²]] in terms of features, and to the [[Roland JV-1080]] in terms of voice count and the voices-per-note figure.

The filter employed is a non-resonant type similar to the one on the Korg M1 or the Korg 01/W. To compensate for this, on-board waveforms feature multisamples with various resonance levels, which can be assigned to different velocity levels or pitches depending on the patch that is designed.

Each voice has access to an amplitude envelope and LFO, a filter section (with LFO and EG), a pitch modulation section, as well as a modulation matrix specific to that voice. These are then fed to an effects section - four buses are available, but the way these are organised and routed depend on the selected layout.

=== Effects ===
All effects information was collected with help from the manuals, as well as emagic's SoundDiver 3.0 software.

==== Configuration #1 - 4 sends, 1 reverb ====
4 FX sends are available in this mode - the first three sends each have their own independent pitch unit that controls chorus and/or flanging. Afterwards, each of the 4 sends has their own delays, which can have their own independent delay and feedback time. These can all be routed to the singular reverb unit in this mode, if desired. The pitch mode can all be changed independently, but only the first two delay instances can be changed, while the latter 2 are locked to "Mono Delay"

==== Configuration #2 - 4 sends, 2 reverbs ====
4 FX sends are available in this mode, but only the first send has a delay unit, which is hard-set to Mono Delay. Two pitch units exist, one on FX send 1 and one on FX send 3, with only the first one being modifiable from "Mono Chorus". FX1 & 2 get summed up towards Reverb 1, and FX3 & 4 get summed up towards Reverb 2, both which are fully configurable.

==== Configuration #3 - 4 sends, 1 lezlie (sic) ====
4 FX sends are available in this mode - it is set up similarly to Configuration #1, however the first pitch unit is replaced with a Leslie simulation.

==== Configuration #4 - 2 sends, with EQ ====
2 FX sends are avaliable in this mode - each going through one pitch unit, and then one delay unit - fully modifiable. Both get summed up into a reverb, which is also fully modifiable, which then gets output to a 2-band shelving EQ.

=== Behind The Scenes ===

According to an interview with Marcus Ryle, one of the designers behind the Quadrasynth architecture, he stated he had wanted to create a synthesizer that is simple to understand and edit, but can be quite complex.<ref name="marcus-designing-qs">[https://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/marcus-ryle-designing-the-alesis-quadrasynth/10623# Sound on Sound, June 1993 issue - Marcus Ryle: Designing the Alesis Quadrasynth]</ref> In the article, it's also noted that the reason filters are non-resonant was to achieve a higher polyphony count of 64 voices, and that the design philosophy was largely inspired by the team's prior work on various Oberheim products, like the Oberheim Matrix synths, and who have also worked on the SampleCell format.

It is easy to see some of these aspects in the final product: The bespoke LCD that makes editing easier than it would be on a 2-line unit, the quad knobs that allow for easy sound manipulation, or the variety of modulation options - all cited as points the team wanted to achieve with their design. Even the design of the Alesis S4 module bears some resemblence to the Oberheim Matrix 1000.

Much like how they reused technology from their effects unit of the time, Alesis would also end up using many of the sounds they recorded and produced for their drum machine lines of products (like the Alesis D4) as a basis for the kits available on the Quadrasynth.

=== Terminology ===
The Quadrasynth line divide their sounds into three different types:
* '''Mixes''', which comprise of multiple programs playing concurrently, similar to Combi mode on Korg synthesizers or Performance mode on Roland products.
* '''Programs''', which can comprise of up to four different voices. This is similar to the Prog mode on Korg synths, and the Patch mode on Roland products.
* '''Voices''', which can be assigned a waveform, envelopes, filter cutoff, and so on. Similar to what a "Tone" is on Roland products.

== Oddities ==
* Using '''CC#0''', also known as Bank change MSB will not change the bank between the user bank and the factory bank. This is fixed for the plus models.
* You could upgrade from the original model to the plus model via a slot-in card inside the unit, which was way cheaper compared to buying a new synth. This was labeled as a v2.0 upgrade in some publications, as well as in the Plus manuals.
* While the officially released expansion cards will work with any Quadrasynth or QS unit, on these original models you need to copy the card contents into the user memory, wiping out any custom patches or mixes one may have made. This is not the case with any of the later units.
* While PCMCIA cards were common back then, only specific cards will work with Alesis synths - it requires a specific generation of Linear Flash memory. Normally these synths can only read up to 8 megabits, although with mods it may be able to read beyond that.<ref name="pcmcia">[https://benweaver.info/alesis/# Ben Weaver's info site about PCMCIA cards].</ref> For more information please check the [[Alesis PCMCIA]] article.
* Alesis devices of the time employed the use of '''BR2325''' batteries. If replacing a battery, one can instead solder a CR2032 battery holder in its place and use a CR2032 battery inside with no issues. For more information please consult the [[Replacing backup batteries#Alesis QuadraSynth| replacing backup batteries]] article.
* Although rare, the Quadrasynth can display quasi-error codes. For example, if there is no battery detected (or if the battery failed), it would not boot up, instead displaying a screen with all segments turned on, except the indicators for MIDI channels 1-5 and the MIX program number would read "_3".

== References ==

<references />
[[Category:Alesis Quadrasynth devices]]

Roland SC-55

2025-10-13T16:26:58Z

MelonadeM:

{{Infobox module
| name = Roland SC-55
| image = [[File:Roland-SC55mk2-Front.jpg|320px]]
| dimensions = 218 × 44 × 297 (original)<ref name=og-manual-specs /> 218 × 44 × 233 (mkII)<ref name=mkii-manual-specs />
| rackunits = 1U, half-width<ref name=og-manual-specs /><ref name=mkii-manual-specs />
| type = GM/GS sound module
| manufacturer = Roland
| releasedate = 1991 (original) 1993 (mkII)
| standards = [[Roland GS]]<ref group="infobox">GS standard not frozen until mkII</ref> [[General MIDI]]<ref group="infobox">Except early models</ref>
| maxpoly = 24 (original)<ref name=og-manual-specs>Roland SC-55 Owner's Manual, page 86.</ref> 28 (mkII)<ref name=mkii-manual-specs>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 114.</ref>
| numparts = 16<ref name=og-manual-specs /><ref name=mkii-manual-specs />
| numpresets = 323 (original)<ref group="infobox">Two added in later revisions, see [[#Normal_instrument_set|table]]</ref> 354 (mkII)
| drumpresets = 10
| effects = Reverb/Delay, Chorus
| successor = [[Roland SC-88]]
| battery = 3-volt CR2025
| power = 9-volt DC {{DC Jack}} {{Center Negative}} 500mA draw (SC-55) 600mA draw (SC-55mkII)
| notes = <references group="infobox" />
}}
The '''Roland SC-55''' is a [[Roland GS]] and [[General MIDI]] sound module introduced by Roland in 1991. It was the first module in the [[Roland Sound Canvas]] series, the first [[General MIDI]] module, and the first [[Roland GS]] module.

An improved version, the '''Roland SC-55mkII''', was introduced in 1993, featuring an increased voice count from 24 to 28 (courtesy of a processor clock speed increase), more variation instruments, and a few other small changes.

Alongside their banks of GM and GS instrument presets, the SC-55 and SC-55mkII also feature banks of presets intended to provide partial compatibility with the [[Roland CM-64]], including presets sounding like the [[Roland MT-32]]/[[CM-32L]]. These do not provide full compatibility with these modules, because the SC-55 is based on different synthesis technology and can't support custom MT-32 patches (MT-32/CM-32L SysEx are ignored). These banks are also included in most later Sound Canvas products, but not all GS products include them; presumably, they are not considered part of the GS format.

== Variants ==

=== Roland SC-50 ===

The '''Roland SC-50''' is a variant of the SC-55mkII without the MT-32/[[CM-64]] compatibility patch banks; as such it has 28 polyphony, 226 normal patches and 9 drumkits. It also omits the front MIDI input port. Various GS-branded devices seem to have the same basic feature set as the SC-50, which makes it a useful reference point.

=== Others ===

There are various other variants, such as:

* The Roland SC-55ST is a variant of the SC-55mkII which lacks panel controls or a display.
* The Roland SC-55K is a Japan-exclusive unit similar to the 55ST and intended for karaoke. It adds two microphone inputs that feature an echo effect, separate from the SC-55 sound generator part.
* The Roland SC-155 is a variant of the original SC-55 which adds mixer-style physical controls for adjusting eight parts at once.
* Two [[Roland CM series]] variants ([[Roland CM-300]] and [[Roland CM-500]]).

Variants which make larger changes to the synth:

* The [[Roland SC-7]] is a smaller derivative with only General MIDI support.

There are also some non-module variants, such as:

* The Roland SK-50 is a keyboard version of the SC-50, featuring 61 keys.
* The Roland SCC-1 is an ISA card for IBM PC compatibles.
* The Roland SCP-55 is a PCMCIA card designed for notebooks and laptops of the era.

The SC-55 was succeeded by the [[Roland SC-88]] in 1994.

== Instrument maps ==

=== Normal instrument set ===

These are the normal GS instruments for non-drum parts. Note that instruments with Bank Select MSB = 0, also known as Capital Tones, correspond to [[General MIDI#Sound_Set|the General MIDI instruments]]. However, the names sometimes differ, and one instrument (highlighted in red) was incorrectly mapped on early SC-55 models.

The following table is [https://github.com/hikari-no-yume/tone-map-comparison-table-generator generated] from [https://github.com/shingo45endo/tone-browser shingo45endo's ''tone-browser'' data] extracted from ROM dumps, but with some spelling fixes.

{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable"
|+ style=white-space:nowrap | Notice: This is a long list, and as such has been hidden by default. Roland SC-55 normal instrument list
! style="width: 1em;" | Prog #
! style="width: 1em;" | Bank Select MSB
! style="width: 6em;" | SC-55 v1.00
! style="width: 6em;" | SC-55 v1.20
! style="width: 6em;" | SC-55 v2.00
! style="width: 6em;" | SC-55mkII
|-
| rowspan="3" | 0
|0
| colspan="4" | Piano 1
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Piano 1w
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Piano 1d
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1
|0
| colspan="4" | Piano 2
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Piano 2w
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2
|0
| colspan="4" | Piano 3
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Piano 3w
|-
| rowspan="2" | 3
|0
| colspan="4" | Honky-tonk
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Honky-tonk w
|-
| rowspan="4" | 4
|0
| colspan="4" | E.Piano 1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Detuned EP 1
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | E.Piano 1v
|-
|24
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | 60's E.Piano
|-
| rowspan="3" | 5
|0
| colspan="4" | E.Piano 2
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Detuned EP 2
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | E.Piano 2v
|-
| rowspan="4" | 6
|0
| colspan="4" | Harpsichord
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Coupled Hps.
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Harpsi.w
|-
|24
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Harpsi.o
|-
| rowspan="1" | 7
|0
| colspan="4" | Clav.
|-
| rowspan="1" | 8
|0
| colspan="4" | Celesta
|-
| rowspan="1" | 9
|0
| colspan="4" | Glockenspiel
|-
| rowspan="1" | 10
|0
| colspan="4" | Music Box
|-
| rowspan="2" | 11
|0
| colspan="4" | Vibraphone
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Vib.w
|-
| rowspan="2" | 12
|0
| colspan="4" | Marimba
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Marimba w
|-
| rowspan="1" | 13
|0
| colspan="4" | Xylophone
|-
| rowspan="3" | 14
|0
| colspan="4" | Tubular-bell
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Church Bell
|-
|9
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Carillon
|-
| rowspan="1" | 15
|0
| colspan="4" | Santur
|-
| rowspan="4" | 16
|0
| colspan="4" | Organ 1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Detuned Or.1
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | 60's Organ1
|-
|32
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Organ 4
|-
| rowspan="3" | 17
|0
| colspan="4" | Organ 2
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Detuned Or.2
|-
|32
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Organ 5
|-
| rowspan="1" | 18
|0
| colspan="4" | Organ 3
|-
| rowspan="3" | 19
|0
| colspan="4" | Church Org.1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Church Org.2
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Church Org.3
|-
| rowspan="1" | 20
|0
| colspan="4" | Reed Organ
|-
| rowspan="2" | 21
|0
| colspan="4" | Accordion Fr
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Accordion It
|-
| rowspan="1" | 22
|0
| colspan="4" | Harmonica
|-
| rowspan="1" | 23
|0
| colspan="4" | Bandoneon
|-
| rowspan="4" | 24
|0
| colspan="4" | Nylon-str.Gt
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Ukulele
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Nylon Gt.o
|-
|32
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Nylon Gt.2
|-
| rowspan="3" | 25
|0
| colspan="4" | Steel-str.Gt
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | 12-str.Gt
|-
|16
| colspan="4" | Mandolin
|-
| rowspan="2" | 26
|0
| colspan="4" | Jazz Gt.
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Hawaiian Gt.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 27
|0
| colspan="4" | Clean Gt.
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Chorus Gt.
|-
| rowspan="3" | 28
|0
| colspan="4" | Muted Gt.
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Funk Gt.
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Funk Gt.2
|-
| rowspan="1" | 29
|0
| colspan="4" | Overdrive Gt
|-
| rowspan="2" | 30
|0
| colspan="4" | DistortionGt
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Feedback Gt.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 31
|0
| colspan="4" | Gt.Harmonics
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Gt. Feedback
|-
| rowspan="1" | 32
|0
| colspan="4" | Acoustic Bs.
|-
| rowspan="1" | 33
|0
| colspan="4" | Fingered Bs.
|-
| rowspan="1" | 34
|0
| colspan="4" | Picked Bs.
|-
| rowspan="1" | 35
|0
| colspan="4" | Fretless Bs.
|-
| rowspan="1" | 36
|0
| colspan="4" | Slap Bass 1
|-
| rowspan="1" | 37
|0
| colspan="4" | Slap Bass 2
|-
| rowspan="3" | 38
|0
| colspan="4" | Synth Bass 1
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | SynthBass101
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Synth Bass 3
|-
| rowspan="3" | 39
|0
| colspan="4" | Synth Bass 2
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Synth Bass 4
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Rubber Bass
|-
| rowspan="2" | 40
|0
| colspan="4" | Violin
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Slow Violin
|-
| rowspan="1" | 41
|0
| colspan="4" | Viola
|-
| rowspan="1" | 42
|0
| colspan="4" | Cello
|-
| rowspan="1" | 43
|0
| colspan="4" | Contrabass
|-
| rowspan="1" | 44
|0
| colspan="4" | Tremolo Str
|-
| rowspan="1" | 45
|0
| colspan="4" | PizzicatoStr
|-
| rowspan="1" | 46
|0
| colspan="4" | Harp
|-
| rowspan="1" | 47
|0
| colspan="4" | Timpani
|-
| rowspan="2" | 48
|0
| colspan="4" | Strings
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Orchestra
|-
| rowspan="1" | 49
|0
| colspan="4" | Slow Strings
|-
| rowspan="2" | 50
|0
| colspan="4" | Syn.Strings1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Syn.Strings3
|-
| rowspan="1" | 51
|0
| colspan="4" | Syn.Strings2
|-
| rowspan="2" | 52
|0
| colspan="4" | Choir Aahs
|-
|32
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Choir Aahs 2
|-
| rowspan="1" | 53
|0
| colspan="4" | Voice Oohs
|-
| rowspan="1" | 54
|0
| colspan="4" | SynVox
|-
| rowspan="1" | 55
|0
| colspan="4" | OrchestraHit
|-
| rowspan="1" | 56
|0
| colspan="4" | Trumpet
|-
| rowspan="2" | 57
|0
| colspan="4" | Trombone
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Trombone 2
|-
| rowspan="1" | 58
|0
| colspan="4" | Tuba
|-
| rowspan="1" | 59
|0
| colspan="4" | MutedTrumpet
|-
| rowspan="2" | 60
|0
| colspan="4" | French Horn
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Fr.Horn 2
|-
| rowspan="2" | 61
|0
| colspan="4" | Brass 1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Brass 2
|-
| rowspan="3" | 62
|0
| colspan="4" | Synth Brass1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Synth Brass3
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | AnalogBrass1
|-
| rowspan="3" | 63
|0
| colspan="4" | Synth Brass2
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Synth Brass4
|-
|16
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | AnalogBrass2
|-
| rowspan="1" | 64
|0
| colspan="4" | Soprano Sax
|-
| rowspan="1" | 65
|0
| colspan="4" | Alto Sax
|-
| rowspan="1" | 66
|0
| colspan="4" | Tenor Sax
|-
| rowspan="1" | 67
|0
| colspan="4" | Baritone Sax
|-
| rowspan="1" | 68
|0
| colspan="4" | Oboe
|-
| rowspan="1" | 69
|0
| colspan="4" | English Horn
|-
| rowspan="1" | 70
|0
| colspan="4" | Bassoon
|-
| rowspan="1" | 71
|0
| colspan="4" | Clarinet
|-
| rowspan="1" | 72
|0
| colspan="4" | Piccolo
|-
| rowspan="1" | 73
|0
| colspan="4" | Flute
|-
| rowspan="1" | 74
|0
| colspan="4" | Recorder
|-
| rowspan="1" | 75
|0
| colspan="4" | Pan Flute
|-
| rowspan="1" | 76
|0
| colspan="4" | Bottle Blow
|-
| rowspan="1" | 77
|0
| colspan="4" | Shakuhachi
|-
| rowspan="1" | 78
|0
| colspan="4" | Whistle
|-
| rowspan="1" | 79
|0
| colspan="4" | Ocarina
|-
| rowspan="3" | 80
|0
| colspan="4" | Square Wave
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Square
|-
|8
| colspan="1" | —
| colspan="3" | Sine Wave
|-
| rowspan="3" | 81
|0
| colspan="4" | Saw Wave
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Saw
|-
|8
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Doctor Solo
|-
| rowspan="1" | 82
|0
| colspan="4" | Syn.Calliope
|-
| rowspan="1" | 83
|0
| colspan="4" | Chiffer Lead
|-
| rowspan="1" | 84
|0
| colspan="4" | Charang
|-
| rowspan="1" | 85
|0
| colspan="4" | Solo Vox
|-
| rowspan="1" | 86
|0
| colspan="4" | 5th Saw Wave
|-
| rowspan="1" | 87
|0
| colspan="4" | Bass & Lead
|-
| rowspan="1" | 88
|0
| colspan="4" | Fantasia
|-
| rowspan="1" | 89
|0
| colspan="4" | Warm Pad
|-
| rowspan="1" | 90
|0
| colspan="4" | Polysynth
|-
| rowspan="1" | 91
|0
| colspan="4" | Space Voice
|-
| rowspan="1" | 92
|0
| colspan="4" | Bowed Glass
|-
| rowspan="1" | 93
|0
| colspan="4" | Metal Pad
|-
| rowspan="1" | 94
|0
| colspan="4" | Halo Pad
|-
| rowspan="1" | 95
|0
| colspan="4" | Sweep Pad
|-
| rowspan="1" | 96
|0
| colspan="4" | Ice Rain
|-
| rowspan="1" | 97
|0
| colspan="4" | Soundtrack
|-
| rowspan="2" | 98
|0
| colspan="4" | Crystal
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Syn Mallet
|-
| rowspan="1" | 99
|0
| colspan="4" | Atmosphere
|-
| rowspan="1" | 100
|0
| colspan="4" | Brightness
|-
| rowspan="1" | 101
|0
| colspan="4" | Goblin
|-
| rowspan="3" | 102
|0
| colspan="4" | Echo Drops
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Echo Bell
|-
|2
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Echo Pan
|-
| rowspan="1" | 103
|0
| colspan="4" | Star Theme
|-
| rowspan="2" | 104
|0
| colspan="4" | Sitar
|-
|1
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Sitar 2
|-
| rowspan="1" | 105
|0
| colspan="4" | Banjo
|-
| rowspan="1" | 106
|0
| colspan="4" | Shamisen
|-
| rowspan="2" | 107
|0
| colspan="4" | Koto
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Taisho Koto
|-
| rowspan="1" | 108
|0
| colspan="4" | Kalimba
|-
| rowspan="1" | 109
|0
| colspan="4" | Bag Pipe
|-
| rowspan="1" | 110
|0
| colspan="4" | Fiddle
|-
| rowspan="1" | 111
|0
| colspan="4" | Shanai
|-
| rowspan="1" | 112
|0
| colspan="4" | Tinkle Bell
|-
| rowspan="1" | 113
|0
| colspan="4" | Agogo
|-
| rowspan="1" | 114
|0
| colspan="4" | Steel Drums
|-
| rowspan="2" | 115
|0
| colspan="4" | Woodblock
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Castanets
|-
| rowspan="2" | 116
|0
| colspan="4" | Taiko
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Concert BD
|-
| rowspan="2" | 117
|0
| colspan="4" | Melo. Tom 1
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Melo. Tom 2
|-
| rowspan="3" | 118
|0
| colspan="4" | Synth Drum
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | 808 Tom
|-
|9
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Elec Perc 1
|-
| rowspan="1" | 119
|0
| colspan="4" | Reverse Cym.
|-
| rowspan="3" | 120
|0
| colspan="4" | Gt.FretNoise
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Gt.Cut Noise
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | String Slap
|-
| rowspan="2" | 121
|0
| style="background: red;" colspan="1" | Fl.Key Click
| colspan="3" | Breath Noise
|-
|1
| colspan="1" | —
| colspan="3" | Fl.Key Click
|-
| rowspan="6" | 122
|0
| colspan="4" | Seashore
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Rain
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | Thunder
|-
|3
| colspan="4" | Wind
|-
|4
| colspan="4" | Stream
|-
|5
| colspan="4" | Bubble
|-
| rowspan="4" | 123
|0
| colspan="4" | Bird
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Dog
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | Horse-Gallop
|-
|3
| colspan="3" | —
| colspan="1" | Bird 2
|-
| rowspan="6" | 124
|0
| colspan="4" | Telephone 1
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Telephone 2
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | DoorCreaking
|-
|3
| colspan="4" | Door
|-
|4
| colspan="4" | Scratch
|-
|5
| colspan="4" | Windchime
|-
| rowspan="10" | 125
|0
| colspan="4" | Helicopter
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Car-Engine
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | Car-Stop
|-
|3
| colspan="4" | Car-Pass
|-
|4
| colspan="4" | Car-Crash
|-
|5
| colspan="4" | Siren
|-
|6
| colspan="4" | Train
|-
|7
| colspan="4" | Jetplane
|-
|8
| colspan="4" | Starship
|-
|9
| colspan="4" | Burst Noise
|-
| rowspan="6" | 126
|0
| colspan="4" | Applause
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Laughing
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | Screaming
|-
|3
| colspan="4" | Punch
|-
|4
| colspan="4" | Heart Beat
|-
|5
| colspan="4" | Footsteps
|-
| rowspan="4" | 127
|0
| colspan="4" | Gun Shot
|-
|1
| colspan="4" | Machine Gun
|-
|2
| colspan="4" | Lasergun
|-
|3
| colspan="4" | Explosion
|-
|}

More instrument maps TBD.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Roland Sound Canvas devices]]
[[Category:General MIDI devices]]
[[Category:Roland GS devices]]

Roland U-220

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MelonadeM: added power and battery type

{{Infobox module
| name = Roland U-220
| image = [[File:Roland-U220-Front composite.jpg|320px]]
| dimensions = 482(W) × 358(D) × 45(H) mm<ref name=u220-om-specs>Roland U-220 Owner's Manual, page 154.</ref>
| rackunits = 1U
| weight = 4.4kg, 9lbs 11oz <ref name=u220-om-specs />
| type = Fully-editable ROMpler sound module
| manufacturer = Roland
| releasedate = 1989<ref name=restorativland>[https://geocities.restorativland.org/SiliconValley/Lakes/9276/ U-20/U-220 Specifications - geocities.restorativland.org]</ref>
| standards =
| maxpoly = 30<ref name=u220-om-about>Roland U-220 Owner's Manual, page 24.</ref>
| numparts = 6 + 1 rhythm<ref name=u220-om-about />
| numpresets = 64 <ref name=u220-om-about />
| drumpresets = 4 <ref name=u220-om-about />
| expansion = 2x [[SN-U110]]
| effects = Reverb (8 types, with delay), Chorus (5 types) <ref name=u220-om-effects>Roland U-220 Owner's Manual, page 54-56.</ref>
| image2 = [[File:Roland U220 back.jpg|320px]]
| power = Hard-wired {{Hard-Wired}} Region-Specific 20-watt power draw
| battery = 3-volt CR2032
}}
The '''Roland U-220''' is a rackmount version of the [[Roland U-20]] ROMpler keyboard, released in 1989. It is a revised version of the [[Roland U-110]], with the same engine and all of its Tones (samples) built into its ROM. It also features two of the [[SN-U110]] expansion cards also built into its ROM (SN-U110-08 Synthesiser and SN-U110-09 Guitar and Keyboards)<ref name=redroo-snu110-info>[https://musicstudio.bigredroo.com.au/Recording_Gear_Roland_U-220_PCM_Cards.html Roland Sound Library SN-U110 and SN-MV30-S1 Series PCM Cards - musicstudio.bigredroo.com.au]</ref>, with only two expansion slots instead of the U-110's four. It features a less noisy DAC<ref name=llamamusic-u20-info>[http://llamamusic.com/u20/u-20_info.html U-110/U-20/U-220 Info Page - llamamusic.com]</ref> than the U-110, and twice the front panel keys to aid in menu navigation.

Each patch features six Parts which can be assigned to any MIDI channel, with each having a Timbre, and a Rhythm Part which can be assigned any of four Rhythm Sets. Timbres consist of a Tone (sample), an ADSR volume envelope, a dedicated LFO for vibrato, level, panning, and other settings. Tones can be internal or from either installed expansion card.

The unit is notable for being one of the first Roland PCM-based units<ref name=llamamusic-u20-info />, with one of its primary draws being the realism of its sounds for the time. However, nowadays the unit is rather limited, featuring no filter, ROM-only samples, and only two effects.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://cdn.roland.com/assets/media/pdf/U-220_OM.pdf Roland U-220 Owner's Manual]
*

== See also ==
* [[Roland U-110]]
* [[Roland U-20]]
* [[SN-U110 Library cards]]

[[Category:Roland U-series devices]]

Template:Hard-Wired

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Template:Center Positive

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MelonadeM: Created page with "<includeonly>link=</includeonly><noinclude>link= Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center positive icon.</noinclude>"

<includeonly>[[File:Center Positive.svg|48px|link=]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Center Positive.svg|48px|link=]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center positive icon.</noinclude>

Template:Center Negative

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MelonadeM: Created page with "<includeonly>link=</includeonly><noinclude>link= Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center negative icon.</noinclude>"

<includeonly>[[File:Center Negative.svg|48px|link=]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:Center Negative.svg|48px|link=]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized center negative icon.</noinclude>

Template:DC Jack

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MelonadeM:

<includeonly>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Barrel_jack]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[File:DC Jack.svg|16px|link=Power_supplies#Barrel_jack]]

Use this on pages where you need a text-sized DC jack icon, Be sure to follow it with either {{Center_Negative}} or {{Center_Positive}}.</noinclude>

Template:DC Jack

2025-10-13T16:17:03Z

MelonadeM: Created page with "<includeonly>link=Power_supplies#Barrel_jack</includeonly><noinclude>link=Power_supplies#Barrel_jack Use this on pages where you need a text-sized DC jack icon</noinclude>"

Template:IEC 3-pin Icon

2025-10-13T16:08:48Z

MelonadeM:

Template:IEC 2-pin Icon

2025-10-13T16:08:06Z

MelonadeM:

User:MelonadeM

2025-10-13T15:57:52Z

MelonadeM:

Hi, I'm MelonadeM. 25 year old, living in the United Kingdom.
I have a lot of vintage sound modules, they all sound great.

==TO-DO LIST==
*[[Yamaha S-YXG50]]
*[[Roland Studio Canvas series]] - while featuring the xv engine I think these will warrant their own articles - SD20, SD80 and SD90
*<s>[[Sony DPS-F7]]</s> Done!
*'''Upload''' all new SVG icons
** Create proper redirects for PNG icons to the SVG variants.
*'''Categorise all articles by keyboard, rackmount unit, effects unit, synthesizer, drum machine and so on'''

==== Current modules ====
* [[Roland SC-55mkII]]
* [[Roland-ED SC-8850]]
* [[Roland XV-5050]] (with [[SRX|SRX-06 Complete Orchestra]] and [[SRX|SRX-09 World Collection]])
* [[Yamaha MU128]]
* [[Alesis S4 Plus]]
* Access Virus Ti Desktop
* [[Roland CM-32L]] (non functioning... 😔)
* [[Roland U-220]] (with SN-U110-15 Super Brass)

GM–GS–XG quick reference

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MelonadeM: replaced with svg renders

This is a help page listing which MIDI messages can be used for common things across [[General MIDI]], [[Roland GS]] and [[Yamaha XG]].

General notes:

* GS doesn't seem to have a publicly available formal standard, so the [[Roland SC-55mkII]] manual is used as a reference. Later Roland devices seem to use the SC-55mkII as the baseline for GS.
* [[Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth]] only supports a tiny fraction of the GS features, despite the name.
* XGLite only supports a subset of the XG features.

Symbol legend:

* ❌ — Not supported (according to the standard; the device might still have it as an extension)
* 👻 — Undocumented, but appears to work on some devices in testing
* ⚠️ — Supported, but not useful
* *️⃣ — Supported, but meaning is standard-specific or depends on other factors
* ✅ — Supported
* [88] — Supported only by [[Roland SC-88]] and later (not part of basic GS/[[Roland SC-55|SC-55]])

==Control Change messages==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width: 1em;" | Ctrl #
! style="width: 10em;" | Controller name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI.svg|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS.svg|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG.svg|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| 0 || Bank Select MSB ||❌||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p90>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 90.</ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p16>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 16.</ref>||On GS, this selects variation instruments. On XG, this selects banks. Common numbers:
* 0 = most normal/melody instruments<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
* 64 = SFX voices<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
* 126 = SFX kits<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
* 127 = drumkits (sets part to drum mode)<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
|-
| 1 || Modulation ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 2</ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p17>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 17.</ref>||On GS and XG, this is Vibrato by default<ref name=mkii-p90></ref><ref name=xg-p17></ref>
|-
| 5 || Portamento time ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 18.</ref>||Value 0 is shortest/fastest.<ref name=mkii-p90></ref><ref name=xg-p18></ref> On XG, it is cent-linear.<ref name=xg-p18></ref>
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''6'' || ''Data entry MSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p18></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)''
|-
| 7 || Volume ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18></ref>||
|-
| 10 || Pan ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18></ref>||
|-
| 11 || Expression ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p18></ref>||On GS, this is multiplied with Volume to control overall volume.<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>
|-
| 32 || Bank Select LSB ||❌||❌<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p16></ref>||On GS/the SC-55, this does nothing. But the SC-88 onwards use this to select maps: 
* 0 = default
* 1 = SC-55
* 2 = SC-88
* 3 = SC-88 Pro
* 4 = SC-8850/SC-8820
On XG, this selects extension instruments.<ref name=xg-p16></ref>
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''38'' || ''Data entry LSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p90></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p18></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)''
|-
| 64 || Sustain ''or'' Hold1<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> ||✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p91>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 91.</ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p19>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 19.</ref>|| 0–63 = Off, 64–127 = On.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref><ref name=xg-p19></ref>
|-
| 65 || Portamento ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p19></ref>||0–63 = Off, 64–127 = On.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref><ref name=xg-p19></ref>
|-
| 66 || Sostenuto ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p19></ref>||0–63 = Off, 64–127 = On.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref><ref name=xg-p19></ref>
|-
| 67 || Soft ''or'' Soft Pedal<ref name=xg-p20></ref> ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 20.</ref>||
|-
| 71 || Sound Controller 2 ''or'' Harmonic Content ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20></ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of filter resonance (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p20></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl>Tested by the following users:
* [[User:hikari_no_yume|hikari_no_yume]] has tested and found that her SC-88VL responds to controllers 71 to 74 in GS mode.
* [[User:purps|purps]] has tested and found that [[Roland Sound Canvas VA]] responds to controllers 71 to 74 in GS mode.</ref>
|-
| 72 || Sound Controller 3 ''or'' Release Time ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20></ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of envelope release time (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p20></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>
|-
| 73 || Sound Controller 4 ''or'' Attack Time ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p20></ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of envelope attack time (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p20></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>
|-
| 74 || Sound Controller 5 ''or'' Brightness ||❌||👻<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 21</ref>||On XG, relative adjustment of filter cutoff (64 is zero change).<ref name=xg-p21></ref> On GS, there is no documented support for it, but there is an NRPN. SC modules from at least the [[Roland SC-88VL|SC-88VL]] onwards appear to respond to it anyway and behave like XG.<ref name=88vl-sound-ctrl></ref>
|-
| 84 || Portamento Control ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||Value is MIDI note number.<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> On XG, ignores Portamento Time (always 0).<ref name=xg-p21></ref>
|-
| 91 || Effect 1 depth ''or'' Reverb send<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||On GS and XG: Reverb send level<ref name=xg-p21></ref><ref name=mkii-p91></ref>
|-
| 93 || Effect 3 depth ''or'' Chorus send<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> ||❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||On GS and XG: Chorus send level<ref name=xg-p21></ref><ref name=mkii-p91></ref>
|-
| 94 || Effect 4 depth ''or'' Variation send ''or'' Delay send<ref name=88-p7-22>Roland SC-88 Owner's Manual, page 7 - 22.</ref>||❌||[88]<ref name=88-p7-22></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p21></ref>||On XG: Variation send level.<ref name=xg-p21></ref> XGLite does not require variation effects to be supported.<ref name=xglite-variation-fx>See Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, Attached Chart 1 pages 5 to 7 (all Variation/Insertion effects marked as optional for XGLite).</ref> Not supported on GS/SC-55, but SC-88 and onwards use this for Delay Send Level.<ref name=88-p7-22></ref>
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''96'' || ''Data increment'' ||❌||❌||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 22</ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)'' (TODO: check this)
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''97'' || ''Data decrement'' ||❌||❌||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs and NRPNs)'' (TODO: check this)
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''98'' || ''NRPN LSB'' ||❌||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22></ref>|| ''(Used for NRPNs)''
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''99'' || ''NRPN MSB'' ||❌||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p91></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p22></ref>|| ''(Used for NRPNs)''
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''100'' || ''RPN LSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p92>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 92.</ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p23>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 23</ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs)''
|- style="background: lightgrey"
| ''101'' || ''RPN MSB'' ||*️⃣||*️⃣<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||*️⃣<ref name=xg-p23></ref>|| ''(Used for RPNs)''
|-
! colspan=6 | ''Channel Mode messages''
|-
! style="width: 1em;" | CC #
! style="width: 10em;" | Name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI.svg|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS.svg|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG.svg|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| 120 || All Sound Off || ❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature, not required by GM. Cuts off currently played sounds on the channel as soon as possible,<ref>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 25.</ref> skipping the "release" part of sounds, unlike All Notes Off.<ref name=xg-p24></ref>
|-
| 121 || Reset All Controllers || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>||(TODO: How does this affect RPNs and NRPNs?)
|-
| 123 || All Notes Off || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref>||✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 24.</ref> required by GM. This behaves like sending a "Note Off" (i.e. releasing) for all currently held keys; the release may be delayed by a sustain. (TODO: cite this bit)
|-
| 124 || Omni Off || ❌||⚠️<ref name=mkii-p92></ref>||⚠️<ref name=xg-p25>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 25</ref>|| rowspan=2 | Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref name=midi-modes>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 20.</ref> not required by GM. "Omni" means each part responds to all channels,<ref name=midi-modes></ref> which is not appropriate for a GM synth, so changing to/from Omni mode is not possible. The message is treated only as an All Notes Off.<ref name=mkii-p92></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref>
|-
| 125 || Omni On || ❌||⚠️<ref name=mkii-p93>Roland SC-55mkII Owner's Manual, page 93.</ref>||⚠️<ref name=xg-p25></ref>
|-
| 126 || Mono On (Poly Off) || ❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p93></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p25></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref name=midi-modes>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 20.</ref> not required by GM. On GS and XG, this message sets the part to monophonic mode and performs an All Sound Off.<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> GS and XG ignore the value in the message,<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> but note that it has a meaning in the MIDI specification!
|-
| 127 || Mono Off (Poly On) || ❌||✅<ref name=mkii-p93></ref>||✅<ref name=xg-p25></ref>|| Standard but optional MIDI feature,<ref name=midi-modes>MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification 4.2.1, page 20.</ref> not required by GM. On GS and XG, this message sets the part to polyphonic mode and performs an All Sound Off.<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> GS and XG ignore the value in the message,<ref name=mkii-p93></ref><ref name=xg-p25></ref> but note that it has a meaning in the MIDI specification!
|}

==RPN messages==
{| class="wikitable"
! RPN MSB
! RPN LSB
! (combined)
! RPN name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI.svg|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS.svg|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG.svg|50px|Yamaha XG]]
|-
| 0 || 0 || Pitch Bend Sensitivity || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref> || ✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p24>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 2.00, page 24</ref>
|-
| 0 || 1 || Fine Tuning || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref> || ✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>
|-
| 0 || 2 || Coarse Tuning || ✅<ref name=gm1-p2></ref> || ✅<ref name=mkii-p92></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p24></ref>
|}

For software that needs a single number for an RPN rather than a separate MSB and LSB, you can just use the LSB.

==NRPN messages==
If you are using software that only asks for a single number when setting an NRPN, e.g. FL Studio, use the "(combined)" number (calculated as MSB × 128 + LSB). Otherwise, specify the MSB and LSB separately.

Some NRPNs are for adjusting the sounds of individual drum instruments on a drum part/channel (e.g. channel 10 in General MIDI). To select the right NRPN, you need to know the key number corresponding to the instrument you want to edit. For example, Bass Drum 1 is assigned to the C key in octave 2 ("C2") in General MIDI, and C2 has MIDI note/key number 36. [[General MIDI#Percussion Map]] may be a useful reference for some common drum instruments.

{| class="wikitable"
! NRPN MSB
! NRPN LSB
! (combined)
! NRPN name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI.svg|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS.svg|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG.svg|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| 1 || 8 || 136 || Vibrato Rate<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 9 || 137 || Vibrato Depth<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 10 || 138 || Vibrato Delay<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 32 || 160 || Filter Cutoff Frequency<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF cutoff frequency<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 33 || 161 || Filter Resonance<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF resonance<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 99 || 227 || EG Attack Time<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF&TVA Env. Attack time<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 100 || 228 || EG Decay Time<ref name=xg-p22></ref> ''or'' TVF&TVA Env. Decay time<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p22></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 1 || 102 || 230 || EG Release<ref name=xg-1.32-p13>Yamaha XG Specifications, v 1.32, page 13 (omitted in v 2.00; by mistake maybe?)</ref> ''or'' TVF&TVA Env. Release time<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-1.32-p13></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 20 || key # || 2560 + key #|| Drum Filter Cutoff Frequency <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 21 || key # || 2688 + key #|| Drum Filter Resonance <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 22 || key # || 2816 + key #|| Drum EG Attack Rate <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 23 || key # || 2944 + key #|| Drum EG Decay Rate <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 24 || key # || 3072 + key #|| Drum Pitch Coarse<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Pitch coarse of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 25 || key # || 3200 + key #|| Drum Pitch Fine <ref name=xg-p23></ref> || ❌ || ❌ || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || Relative adjustment (64 is zero change)
|-
| 26 || key # || 3328 + key # || Drum Level<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' TVA level of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ||
|-
| 28 || key # || 3548 + key # || Drum Pan<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Panpot of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || 0 is a special value that applies random panning to each triggered note
|-
| 29 || key # || 3712 + key # || Drum Reverb Send<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Reverb send level of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ||
|-
| 30 || key # || 3840 + key # || Drum Chorus Send<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Chorus send level of drum instrument<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ❌ || ✅<ref name=mkii-p91></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ||
|-
| 31 || key # || 3968 + key # || Drum Variation Send<ref name=xg-p23></ref> ''or'' Delay send level of drum instrument<ref name=88-p7-22></ref> || ❌ || [88]<ref name=88-p7-22></ref> || ✅<ref name=xg-p23></ref> || On XG: Variation send level.<ref name=xg-p21></ref> Not supported on GS/SC-55, but SC-88 and onwards use this for Delay Send Level.<ref name=88-p7-22></ref>
|}

==System Exclusive messages==
System Exclusive (SysEx) messages are required for advanced features like changing effect types, configuring controllers/LFOs, etc. There are a huge number of them and they are completely incompatible between standards, so they are out of scope for this article. The following are only a few essential ones:

{| class="wikitable"
! SysEx (hex)
! Name
! style="background: white; | [[File:General MIDI.svg|50px|General MIDI]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Roland GS.svg|50px|Roland GS]]
! style="background: white; | [[File:Yamaha XG.svg|50px|Yamaha XG]]
! Notes
|-
| <tt>F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7</tt> || General MIDI Level 1 System On || ✅ || ✅ || ✅ || Sets module to GM1 mode and resets settings for all parts. Broadcast message addressed to all devices. Note: some early GS devices (early SC-55 models) don't support GM and won't respond to this. 
|-
| <tt>F0 41 10 42 12 40 00 7F 00 41 F7</tt> || GS Reset || ❌ || ✅ || ❌ || Sets module to GS mode and resets settings for all parts. Addressed to device 17 (default device number).
|-
| <tt>F0 43 10 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7</tt> || XG System On || ❌ || ❌ || ✅ || Sets module to XG mode and resets settings for all parts. Addressed to device 1 (default device number).
|-
| <tt>F0 41 10 42 12 40 1A 15 02 0F F7</tt> || GS: Patch parameters, Part 11 § USE FOR RHYTHM PART → MAP2 || ❌ || ✅ || ❌ || Sets part 11 (mapped to channel 11) to drums mode, using the 2nd set of drum parameters. Addressed to device 17 (default device number). For XG, you can use a Bank Select MSB instead (see above).
|}

== References ==
<references />

== See also ==
* [[General MIDI]]
* [[Roland GS]]
* [[Yamaha XG]]