General MIDI: Difference between revisions

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(Fix missing table number)
(Add color-coded note column to percussion map to help with mapping to keyboard, fix timbale typo)
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Note
!Note #
!Note #
!Drum sound
!Drum sound
|-
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | B1
|35||Acoustic Bass Drum
|35||Acoustic Bass Drum
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | C2
|36||Bass Drum 1
|36||Bass Drum 1
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯2
|37||Side Stick
|37||Side Stick
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | D2
|38||Acoustic Snare
|38||Acoustic Snare
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯2
|39||Hand Clap
|39||Hand Clap
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | E2
|40||Electric Snare
|40||Electric Snare
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | F2
|41||Low Floor Tom
|41||Low Floor Tom
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯2
|42||Closed Hi Hat
|42||Closed Hi Hat
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | G2
|43||High Floor Tom
|43||High Floor Tom
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯2
|44||Pedal Hi-Hat
|44||Pedal Hi-Hat
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | A2
|45||Low Tom
|45||Low Tom
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | A♯2
|46||Open Hi-Hat
|46||Open Hi-Hat
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | B2
|47||Low-Mid Tom
|47||Low-Mid Tom
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | C3
|48||Hi Mid Tom
|48||Hi Mid Tom
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯3
|49||Crash Cymbal 1
|49||Crash Cymbal 1
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | D3
|50||High Tom
|50||High Tom
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯3
|51||Ride Cymbal 1
|51||Ride Cymbal 1
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | E3
|52||Chinese Cymbal
|52||Chinese Cymbal
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | F3
|53||Ride Bell
|53||Ride Bell
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯3
|54||Tambourine
|54||Tambourine
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | G3
|55||Splash Cymbal
|55||Splash Cymbal
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯3
|56||Cowbell
|56||Cowbell
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | A3
|57||Crash Cymbal 2
|57||Crash Cymbal 2
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | A♯3
|58||Vibraslap
|58||Vibraslap
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | B3
|59||Ride Cymbal 2
|59||Ride Cymbal 2
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | C4
|60||Hi Bongo
|60||Hi Bongo
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯4
|61||Low Bongo
|61||Low Bongo
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | D4
|62||Mute Hi Conga
|62||Mute Hi Conga
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯4
|63||Open Hi Conga
|63||Open Hi Conga
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | E4
|64||Low Conga
|64||Low Conga
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | F4
|65||High Timbale
|65||High Timbale
|-
|-  
|66||Low Timable
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯4
|-
|66||Low Timbale
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | G4
|67||High Agogo
|67||High Agogo
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯4
|68||Low Agogo
|68||Low Agogo
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | A4
|69||Cabasa
|69||Cabasa
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | A♯4
|70||Maracas
|70||Maracas
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | B4
|71||Short Whistle
|71||Short Whistle
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | C5
|72||Long Whistle
|72||Long Whistle
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯5
|73||Short Guiro
|73||Short Guiro
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | D5
|74||Long Guiro
|74||Long Guiro
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯5
|75||Claves
|75||Claves
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | E5
|76||Hi Wood Block
|76||Hi Wood Block
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | F5
|77||Low Wood Block
|77||Low Wood Block
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯5
|78||Mute Cuica
|78||Mute Cuica
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | G5
|79||Open Cuica
|79||Open Cuica
|-
|-  
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯5
|80||Mute Triangle
|80||Mute Triangle
|-
|-  
| style="background: white; color: black" | A5
|81||Open Triangle
|81||Open Triangle
|}
|}

Revision as of 20:45, 18 April 2024

General MIDI (GM) is a series of standards defining a minimum set of features for MIDI-controlled synthesizers.

The original and most widely-used version is General MIDI System Level 1 (GM 1), first published in 1991. Most references to "General MIDI" or "GM" without further explanation refer to this version.

There are several standards extending GM 1:

  • Roland GS (first released 1991), Roland's proprietary extension
  • Yamaha XG (first released 1994), Yamaha's proprietary extension
  • General MIDI System Level 2 (first released 1999), the official successor incorporating some features of GS and XG

There is also General MIDI Lite, first published in 2004. This is a subset of the original standard intended for cellphone ringtones and similar applications.

The remainder of this page is only concerned with GM 1.

General requirements

TBD

Sound Set

For channels other than channel 10, General MIDI defines a set of 128 sounds that can be selected with Program Change messages. The sounds are divided into 16 groups, as follows:[1]

Piano
Prog # Instrument
1 Acoustic Grand Piano
2 Bright Acoustic Piano
3 Electric Grand Piano
4 Honky-tonk Piano
5 Electric Piano 1
6 Electric Piano 2
7 Harpsichord
8 Clavi
Chromatic Percussion
Prog # Instrument
9 Celesta
10 Glockenspiel
11 Music Box
12 Vibraphone
13 Marimba
14 Xylophone
15 Tubular Bells
16 Dulcimer
Organ
Prog # Instrument
17 Drawbar Organ
18 Percussive Organ
19 Rock Organ
20 Church Organ
21 Reed Organ
22 Accordion
23 Harmonica
24 Tango Accordion
Guitar
Prog # Instrument
25 Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
26 Acoustic Guitar (steel)
27 Electric Guitar (jazz)
28 Electric Guitar (clean)
29 Electric Guitar (muted)
30 Overdriven Guitar
31 Distortion Guitar
32 Guitar harmonics
Bass
Prog # Instrument
33 Acoustic Bass
34 Electric Bass (finger)
35 Electric Bass (pick)
36 Fretless Bass
37 Slap Bass 1
38 Slap Bass 2
39 Synth Bass 1
40 Synth Bass 2
Strings
Prog # Instrument
41 Violin
42 Viola
43 Cello
44 Contrabass
45 Tremolo Strings
46 Pizzicato Strings
47 Orchestral Harp
48 Timpani
Ensemble
Prog # Instrument
49 String Ensemble 1
50 String Ensemble 2
51 SynthStrings 1
52 SynthStrings 2
53 Choir Aahs
54 Voice Oohs
55 Synth Voice
56 Orchestra Hit
Brass
Prog # Instrument
57 Trumpet
58 Trombone
59 Tuba
60 Muted Trumpet
61 French Horn
62 Brass Section
63 SynthBrass 1
64 SynthBrass 2
Reed
Prog # Instrument
65 Soprano Sax
66 Alto Sax
67 Tenor Sax
68 Baritone Sax
69 Oboe
70 English Horn
71 Bassoon
72 Clarinet
Pipe
Prog # Instrument
73 Piccolo
74 Flute
75 Recorder
76 Pan Flute
77 Blown Bottle
78 Shakuhachi
79 Whistle
80 Ocarina
Synth Lead
Prog # Instrument
81 Lead 1 (square)
82 Lead 2 (sawtooth)
83 Lead 3 (calliope)
84 Lead 4 (chiff)
85 Lead 5 (charang)
86 Lead 6 (voice)
87 Lead 7 (fifths)
88 Lead 8 (bass + lead)
Synth Pad
Prog # Instrument
89 Pad 1 (new age)
90 Pad 2 (warm)
91 Pad 3 (polysynth)
92 Pad 4 (choir)
93 Pad 5 (bowed)
94 Pad 6 (metallic)
95 Pad 7 (halo)
96 Pad 8 (sweep)
Synth Effects
Prog # Instrument
97 FX 1 (rain)
98 FX 2 (soundtrack)
99 FX 3 (crystal)
100 FX 4 (atmosphere)
101 FX 5 (brightness)
102 FX 6 (goblins)
103 FX 7 (echoes)
104 FX 8 (sci-fi)
Ethnic
Prog # Instrument
105 Sitar
106 Banjo
107 Shamisen
108 Koto
109 Kalimba
110 Bag pipe
111 Fiddle
112 Shanai
Percussive
Prog # Instrument
113 Tinkle Bell
114 Agogo
115 Steel Drums
116 Woodblock
117 Taiko Drum
118 Melodic Tom
119 Synth Drum
120 Reverse Cymbal
Sound Effects
Prog # Instrument
121 Guitar Fret Noise
122 Breath Noise
123 Seashore
124 Bird Tweet
125 Telephone Ring
126 Helicopter
127 Applause
128 Gunshot

Percussion Map

General MIDI reserves channel 10 for key-based percussion and defines a set of 47 percussion sounds that can be played with Note On/Note Off messages. The sounds are as follows:[2]

Note Note # Drum sound
B1 35 Acoustic Bass Drum
C2 36 Bass Drum 1
C♯2 37 Side Stick
D2 38 Acoustic Snare
D♯2 39 Hand Clap
E2 40 Electric Snare
F2 41 Low Floor Tom
F♯2 42 Closed Hi Hat
G2 43 High Floor Tom
G♯2 44 Pedal Hi-Hat
A2 45 Low Tom
A♯2 46 Open Hi-Hat
B2 47 Low-Mid Tom
C3 48 Hi Mid Tom
C♯3 49 Crash Cymbal 1
D3 50 High Tom
D♯3 51 Ride Cymbal 1
E3 52 Chinese Cymbal
F3 53 Ride Bell
F♯3 54 Tambourine
G3 55 Splash Cymbal
G♯3 56 Cowbell
A3 57 Crash Cymbal 2
A♯3 58 Vibraslap
B3 59 Ride Cymbal 2
C4 60 Hi Bongo
C♯4 61 Low Bongo
D4 62 Mute Hi Conga
D♯4 63 Open Hi Conga
E4 64 Low Conga
F4 65 High Timbale
F♯4 66 Low Timbale
G4 67 High Agogo
G♯4 68 Low Agogo
A4 69 Cabasa
A♯4 70 Maracas
B4 71 Short Whistle
C5 72 Long Whistle
C♯5 73 Short Guiro
D5 74 Long Guiro
D♯5 75 Claves
E5 76 Hi Wood Block
F5 77 Low Wood Block
F♯5 78 Mute Cuica
G5 79 Open Cuica
G♯5 80 Mute Triangle
A5 81 Open Triangle

References

  1. ↑ General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 5, tables 1 and 2
  2. ↑ General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 6, table 3

Resources

Retrieved from "https://dtm.noyu.me/index.php?title=General_MIDI&oldid=9"