General MIDI: Difference between revisions

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(Add color-coded note column to percussion map to help with mapping to keyboard, fix timbale typo)
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General MIDI reserves channel 10 for key-based percussion and defines a set of 47 percussion sounds that can be played with Note On/Note Off messages. The sounds are as follows:<ref>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 6, table 3</ref>
General MIDI reserves channel 10 for key-based percussion and defines a set of 47 percussion sounds that can be played with Note On/Note Off messages. The sounds are as follows:<ref>General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 6, table 3</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{{PercMap
!Note
|35=Acoustic Bass Drum
!Note #
|36=Bass Drum 1
!Drum sound
|37=Side Stick
|-
|38=Acoustic Snare
| style="background: white; color: black" | B1
|39=Hand Clap
|35||Acoustic Bass Drum
|40=Electric Snare
|-
|41=Low Floor Tom
| style="background: white; color: black" | C2
|42=Closed Hi Hat
|36||Bass Drum 1
|43=High Floor Tom
|-
|44=Pedal Hi-Hat
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯2
|45=Low Tom
|37||Side Stick
|46=Open Hi-Hat
|-
|47=Low-Mid Tom
| style="background: white; color: black" | D2
|48=Hi Mid Tom
|38||Acoustic Snare
|49=Crash Cymbal 1
|-
|50=High Tom
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯2
|51=Ride Cymbal 1
|39||Hand Clap
|52=Chinese Cymbal
|-
|53=Ride Bell
| style="background: white; color: black" | E2
|54=Tambourine
|40||Electric Snare
|55=Splash Cymbal
|-
|56=Cowbell
| style="background: white; color: black" | F2
|57=Crash Cymbal 2
|41||Low Floor Tom
|58=Vibraslap
|-
|59=Ride Cymbal 2
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯2
|60=Hi Bongo
|42||Closed Hi Hat
|61=Low Bongo
|-
|62=Mute Hi Conga
| style="background: white; color: black" | G2
|63=Open Hi Conga
|43||High Floor Tom
|64=Low Conga
|-
|65=High Timbale
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯2
|66=Low Timbale
|44||Pedal Hi-Hat
|67=High Agogo
|-
|68=Low Agogo
| style="background: white; color: black" | A2
|69=Cabasa
|45||Low Tom
|70=Maracas
|-
|71=Short Whistle
| style="background: black; color: white" | A♯2
|72=Long Whistle
|46||Open Hi-Hat
|73=Short Guiro
|-
|74=Long Guiro
| style="background: white; color: black" | B2
|75=Claves
|47||Low-Mid Tom
|76=Hi Wood Block
|-
|77=Low Wood Block
| style="background: white; color: black" | C3
|78=Mute Cuica
|48||Hi Mid Tom
|79=Open Cuica
|-
|80=Mute Triangle
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯3
|81=Open Triangle
|49||Crash Cymbal 1
}}
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | D3
|50||High Tom
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯3
|51||Ride Cymbal 1
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | E3
|52||Chinese Cymbal
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | F3
|53||Ride Bell
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯3
|54||Tambourine
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | G3
|55||Splash Cymbal
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯3
|56||Cowbell
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | A3
|57||Crash Cymbal 2
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | A♯3
|58||Vibraslap
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | B3
|59||Ride Cymbal 2
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | C4
|60||Hi Bongo
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯4
|61||Low Bongo
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | D4
|62||Mute Hi Conga
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯4
|63||Open Hi Conga
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | E4
|64||Low Conga
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | F4
|65||High Timbale
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯4
|66||Low Timbale
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | G4
|67||High Agogo
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯4
|68||Low Agogo
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | A4
|69||Cabasa
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | A♯4
|70||Maracas
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | B4
|71||Short Whistle
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | C5
|72||Long Whistle
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | C♯5
|73||Short Guiro
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | D5
|74||Long Guiro
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | D♯5
|75||Claves
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | E5
|76||Hi Wood Block
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | F5
|77||Low Wood Block
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | F♯5
|78||Mute Cuica
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | G5
|79||Open Cuica
|-
| style="background: black; color: white" | G♯5
|80||Mute Triangle
|-
| style="background: white; color: black" | A5
|81||Open Triangle
|}


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 15:24, 20 April 2024

General MIDI (GM) is a series of standards defining a minimum set of features for MIDI-controlled synthesizers.

The original and most widely-used version is General MIDI System Level 1 (GM 1), first published in 1991. Most references to "General MIDI" or "GM" without further explanation refer to this version.

There are several standards extending GM 1:

  • Roland GS (first released 1991), Roland's proprietary extension
  • Yamaha XG (first released 1994), Yamaha's proprietary extension
  • General MIDI System Level 2 (first released 1999), the official successor incorporating some features of GS and XG

There is also General MIDI Lite, first published in 2004. This is a subset of the original standard intended for cellphone ringtones and similar applications.

The remainder of this page is only concerned with GM 1.

General requirements

TBD

Sound Set

For channels other than channel 10, General MIDI defines a set of 128 sounds that can be selected with Program Change messages. The sounds are divided into 16 groups, as follows:[1]

Piano
Prog # Instrument
1 Acoustic Grand Piano
2 Bright Acoustic Piano
3 Electric Grand Piano
4 Honky-tonk Piano
5 Electric Piano 1
6 Electric Piano 2
7 Harpsichord
8 Clavi
Chromatic Percussion
Prog # Instrument
9 Celesta
10 Glockenspiel
11 Music Box
12 Vibraphone
13 Marimba
14 Xylophone
15 Tubular Bells
16 Dulcimer
Organ
Prog # Instrument
17 Drawbar Organ
18 Percussive Organ
19 Rock Organ
20 Church Organ
21 Reed Organ
22 Accordion
23 Harmonica
24 Tango Accordion
Guitar
Prog # Instrument
25 Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
26 Acoustic Guitar (steel)
27 Electric Guitar (jazz)
28 Electric Guitar (clean)
29 Electric Guitar (muted)
30 Overdriven Guitar
31 Distortion Guitar
32 Guitar harmonics
Bass
Prog # Instrument
33 Acoustic Bass
34 Electric Bass (finger)
35 Electric Bass (pick)
36 Fretless Bass
37 Slap Bass 1
38 Slap Bass 2
39 Synth Bass 1
40 Synth Bass 2
Strings
Prog # Instrument
41 Violin
42 Viola
43 Cello
44 Contrabass
45 Tremolo Strings
46 Pizzicato Strings
47 Orchestral Harp
48 Timpani
Ensemble
Prog # Instrument
49 String Ensemble 1
50 String Ensemble 2
51 SynthStrings 1
52 SynthStrings 2
53 Choir Aahs
54 Voice Oohs
55 Synth Voice
56 Orchestra Hit
Brass
Prog # Instrument
57 Trumpet
58 Trombone
59 Tuba
60 Muted Trumpet
61 French Horn
62 Brass Section
63 SynthBrass 1
64 SynthBrass 2
Reed
Prog # Instrument
65 Soprano Sax
66 Alto Sax
67 Tenor Sax
68 Baritone Sax
69 Oboe
70 English Horn
71 Bassoon
72 Clarinet
Pipe
Prog # Instrument
73 Piccolo
74 Flute
75 Recorder
76 Pan Flute
77 Blown Bottle
78 Shakuhachi
79 Whistle
80 Ocarina
Synth Lead
Prog # Instrument
81 Lead 1 (square)
82 Lead 2 (sawtooth)
83 Lead 3 (calliope)
84 Lead 4 (chiff)
85 Lead 5 (charang)
86 Lead 6 (voice)
87 Lead 7 (fifths)
88 Lead 8 (bass + lead)
Synth Pad
Prog # Instrument
89 Pad 1 (new age)
90 Pad 2 (warm)
91 Pad 3 (polysynth)
92 Pad 4 (choir)
93 Pad 5 (bowed)
94 Pad 6 (metallic)
95 Pad 7 (halo)
96 Pad 8 (sweep)
Synth Effects
Prog # Instrument
97 FX 1 (rain)
98 FX 2 (soundtrack)
99 FX 3 (crystal)
100 FX 4 (atmosphere)
101 FX 5 (brightness)
102 FX 6 (goblins)
103 FX 7 (echoes)
104 FX 8 (sci-fi)
Ethnic
Prog # Instrument
105 Sitar
106 Banjo
107 Shamisen
108 Koto
109 Kalimba
110 Bag pipe
111 Fiddle
112 Shanai
Percussive
Prog # Instrument
113 Tinkle Bell
114 Agogo
115 Steel Drums
116 Woodblock
117 Taiko Drum
118 Melodic Tom
119 Synth Drum
120 Reverse Cymbal
Sound Effects
Prog # Instrument
121 Guitar Fret Noise
122 Breath Noise
123 Seashore
124 Bird Tweet
125 Telephone Ring
126 Helicopter
127 Applause
128 Gunshot

Percussion Map

General MIDI reserves channel 10 for key-based percussion and defines a set of 47 percussion sounds that can be played with Note On/Note Off messages. The sounds are as follows:[2]

Note Note # Drum sound
B135Acoustic Bass Drum
C236Bass Drum 1
C♯237Side Stick
D238Acoustic Snare
D♯239Hand Clap
E240Electric Snare
F241Low Floor Tom
F♯242Closed Hi Hat
G243High Floor Tom
G♯244Pedal Hi-Hat
A245Low Tom
A♯246Open Hi-Hat
B247Low-Mid Tom
C348Hi Mid Tom
C♯349Crash Cymbal 1
D350High Tom
D♯351Ride Cymbal 1
E352Chinese Cymbal
F353Ride Bell
F♯354Tambourine
G355Splash Cymbal
G♯356Cowbell
A357Crash Cymbal 2
A♯358Vibraslap
B359Ride Cymbal 2
C460Hi Bongo
C♯461Low Bongo
D462Mute Hi Conga
D♯463Open Hi Conga
E464Low Conga
F465High Timbale
F♯466Low Timbale
G467High Agogo
G♯468Low Agogo
A469Cabasa
A♯470Maracas
B471Short Whistle
C572Long Whistle
C♯573Short Guiro
D574Long Guiro
D♯575Claves
E576Hi Wood Block
F577Low Wood Block
F♯578Mute Cuica
G579Open Cuica
G♯580Mute Triangle
A581Open Triangle

References

  1. ↑ General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 5, tables 1 and 2
  2. ↑ General MIDI System Level 1 Specification, page 6, table 3

Resources

Retrieved from "https://dtm.noyu.me/index.php?title=General_MIDI&oldid=21"